9,559 research outputs found
DNA Steganalysis Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated
the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as a novel covert channels in
steganography. There are various methods that exist in other domains to detect
hidden messages in conventional covert channels. However, they have not been
applied to DNA steganography. The current most common detection approaches,
namely frequency analysis-based methods, often overlook important signals when
directly applied to DNA steganography because those methods depend on the
distribution of the number of sequence characters. To address this limitation,
we propose a general sequence learning-based DNA steganalysis framework. The
proposed approach learns the intrinsic distribution of coding and non-coding
sequences and detects hidden messages by exploiting distribution variations
after hiding these messages. Using deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs), our
framework identifies the distribution variations by using the classification
score to predict whether a sequence is to be a coding or non-coding sequence.
We compare our proposed method to various existing methods and biological
sequence analysis methods implemented on top of our framework. According to our
experimental results, our approach delivers a robust detection performance
compared to other tools
Competition, Consumer Welfare, and the Social Cost of Monopoly
Conventional deadweight loss measures of the social cost of monopoly ignore, among other things, the social cost of inducing competition and thus cannot accurately capture the loss in social welfare. In this Article, we suggest an alternative method of measuring the social cost of monopoly. Using elements of general equilibrium theory, we propose a social cost metric where the benchmark is the Pareto optimal state of the economy that uses the least amount of resources, consistent with consumers' utility levels in the monopolized state. If the primary goal of antitrust policy is the enhancement of consumer welfare, then the proper benchmark is Pareto optimality, not simply competitive markets. We discuss the implications of our approach for antitrust law as well as how our methodology can be used in practice for allegations of monopoly power given a history of price-demand observations.Monopoly power, Antitrust economics, Applied general equilibrium
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Rocksalt Magnetic Binary Oxides
Here we systematically explore the use of pulsed laser deposition technique
(PLD) to grow three basic oxides that have rocksalt structure but different
chemical stability in the ambient atmosphere: NiO (stable), MnO (metastable)
and EuO (unstable). By tuning laser fluence, an epitaxial single-phase nickel
oxide thin-film growth can be achieved in a wide range of temperatures from 10
to 750 {\deg}C. At the lowest growth temperature, the out-of-plane strain
raises to 1.5%, which is five times bigger than that in a NiO film grown at 750
{\deg}C. MnO thin films that had long-range ordered were successfully deposited
on the MgO substrates after appropriate tuning of deposition parameters. The
growth of MnO phase was strongly influenced by substrate temperature and laser
fluence. EuO films with satisfactory quality were deposited by PLD after oxygen
availability had been minimized. Synthesis of EuO thin films at rather low
growth temperature prevented thermally-driven lattice relaxation and allowed
growth of strained films. Overall, PLD was a quick and reliable method to grow
binary oxides with rocksalt structure in high quality that can satisfy
requirements for applications and for basic research
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