7,319 research outputs found
Dietary variations in three co-occurring rockfish species off the Pacific Northwest during anomalous oceanographic events in 1998 and 1999
Stomach samples from three rockfish species, yellowtail
(Sebastes f lavidus), widow (S. entomelas), and canary (S. pinniger) rockfish, seasonally collected off the Pacific Northwest in 1998 and 1999, provided quantitative information on the food habits of these species during and after the 1997–98 El Niño event. Although euphausiids were the most common major prey of all three predators, gelatinous zooplankton and fishes were the most commonly
consumed prey items during some seasonal quarters. The influence of the El Niño event was evident in the diets. Anomalous prey items, including the southern euphausiid species Nyctiphanes simplex and juveniles of Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) frequently appeared in the diets in the spring and summer of 1998. The results of stomach contents analyses, based on 905 stomach samples from 49 trawl hauls during seven commercial fishing trips and from 56 stations during research surveys, were consistent with the timing of occurrence and the magnitude of change in biomass of some zooplankton species reported
from zooplankton studies in the northern California Current during the 1997–98 El Niño. Our findings indicate that the observed variations of prey groups in some rockfish diets
may be a function of prey variability related to climate and environment changes
Statistical Self-Similar Properties of Complex Networks
It has been shown that many complex networks shared distinctive features,
which differ in many ways from the random and the regular networks. Although
these features capture important characteristics of complex networks, their
applicability depends on the type of networks. To unravel ubiquitous
characteristics that complex networks may have in common, we adopt the
clustering coefficient as the probability measure, and present a systematic
analysis of various types of complex networks from the perspective of
statistical self-similarity. We find that the probability distribution of the
clustering coefficient is best characterized by the multifractal; moreover, the
support of the measure had a fractal dimension. These two features enable us to
describe complex networks in a unified way; at the same time, offer unforeseen
possibilities to comprehend complex networks.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Aperture efficiency of chemically etched horns at 93 GHz
The aperture efficiency of monolithic two-dimensional horn imaging arrays has been optimized at 93 GHz. The imaging arrays consist of several silicon wafers into which arrays of pyramidal horns are etched chemically. Dipole antennas and detectors are suspended on thin silicon oxynitride membranes on one of the central silicon wafers about halfway down the horns. The devices are 7×7 arrays with a 1 λ opening and a 71° flare angle. Antenna impedances have been measured on a low-frequency model. A variety of millimeter-wave dipole antennas and bolometers have been designed and tested. A large-area bismuth thin-film power meter is used to obtain accurate absolute power. The measured aperture efficiency improved from 44% to 72%. The highest system coupling efficiency with a lens was 36% including lens absorption and reflection losses
Heavy-quark meson spectrum tests of the Oktay-Kronfeld action
The Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action extends the Fermilab improvement program for
massive Wilson fermions to higher order in suitable power-counting schemes. It
includes dimension-six and -seven operators necessary for matching to QCD
through order in HQET power counting, for
applications to heavy-light systems, and in NRQCD power
counting, for applications to quarkonia. In the Symanzik power counting of
lattice gauge theory near the continuum limit, the OK action includes all
and some terms. To assess whether the
theoretical improvement is realized in practice, we study combinations of
heavy-strange and quarkonia masses and mass splittings, designed to isolate
heavy-quark discretization effects. We find that, with one exception, the
results obtained with the tree-level-matched OK action are significantly closer
to the continuum limit than the results obtained with the Fermilab action. The
exception is the hyperfine splitting of the bottom-strange system, for which
our statistical errors are too large to draw a firm conclusion. These studies
are carried out with data generated with the tadpole-improved Fermilab and OK
actions on 500 gauge configurations from one of MILC's ~fm,
-flavor, asqtad-staggered ensembles.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Dyon condensation in topological Mott insulators
We consider quantum phase transitions out of topological Mott insulators in
which the ground state of the fractionalized excitations (fermionic spinons) is
topologically non-trivial. The spinons in topological Mott insulators are
coupled to an emergent compact U(1) gauge field with a so-called "axion" term.
We study the confinement transitions from the topological Mott insulator to
broken symmetry phases, which may occur via the condensation of dyons. Dyons
carry both "electric" and "magnetic" charges, and arise naturally in this
system because the monopoles of the emergent U(1) gauge theory acquires gauge
charge due to the axion term. It is shown that the dyon condensate, in general,
induces simultaneous current and bond orders. To demonstrate this, we study the
confined phase of the topological Mott insulator on the cubic lattice. When the
magnetic transition is driven by dyon condensation, we identify the bond order
as valence bond solid order and the current order as scalar spin chirality
order. Hence, the confined phase of the topological Mott insulator is an exotic
phase where the scalar spin chirality and the valence bond order coexist and
appear via a single transition. We discuss implications of our results for
generic models of topological Mott insulators.Comment: 14 pages, accepted to the New Journal of Physic
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