Cr doped TiO2 supported on TUD-1 photocatalyst for congo red photodegradation

A series of new visible light driven photocatalysts of 1 mol% Cr doped Ti02 supported on various amount of TUD-1 have been successfully synthesized via sol gel method. XRD analysis revealed that all the Cr-Ti02/x TUD-l (x = 10,20,30,40 and 50 mol%) photocatalysts were in amorphous form. Both Ti02 and Cr were incorporated in the highly porous siliceous matrix. FTIR analysis indicated the existence of Si-O-Ti bonding in all the materials. UV-Vis D R analysis suggested that alteration of Ti species occurred from tetrahedrally to octahedrally coordinated Ti species when higher TUD-1 amount was used as photocatalyst support. However, the amount of TUD-1 did not affect the wavelength response and the band gap energy of the resulted materials. All the materials were having band gap energy of ~2.9 eV. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized materials was evaluated through the photodegradation of Congo Red under visible light irradiation at 298 K for 5 h. Results showed that all the Cr-TiO2/TU D -1 materials had higher photocatalytic activity compared to Cr-TiO2, Amongst, Cr-TiO2/30TU D-1 appeared as the most superior photocatalyst that gave the highest percentage of dye degradation

Synthesis and characterization of molybdena and phosphate doped silica-titania oxidative catalyst for epoxidation of styrene

New oxidative catalysts of molybdena and phosphate doped silica-titania (xMo/PO4 3-/ SiO2-TiO2, x = 0, 1, 2, 4 and 5 wt%) have been prepared in this study. Silica-titania was prepared via sol-gel method by using titanium isopropoxide and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors of titania and silica, respectively. Sufficient amount of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and 0.2 M phosphoric acid were loaded on silica-titania through impregnation method. The XRD results confirmed the amorphous phase of all the samples Mo/PO4 3-/ SiO2-TiO2, indicating well dispersion of Mo, phosphate and Ti on the silica support. DRUV-Vis analysis revealed the existence of both tetrahedral and octahedral Ti species in the samples. The N2 adsorption surface area analysis showed the surface area decreased with the increasing amount of doped molybdenum. The oxidation catalytic behavior of xMo/PO4 3-/SiO2-TiO2 was evaluated through epoxidation of styrene using H2O2 as oxidant. Amongst, 5Mo/PO4 3-/ SiO2- TiO2was the best oxidative catalyst which gave the highest conversion of styrene and the highest yield of styrene oxide

Molybdena doped titania supported TUD-C as as oxidative catalyst for styrene epoxidation

Molybdena doped titania supported on TUD-C (Mo-TiO2/TUD-C) oxidative catalyst has been synthesized and characterized. The self assembled zeolite inside the silica matrices with MFI framework has been confirmed using XRD analysis. The attainment of zeolite and MFI structures was supported by FTIR results. Crystallinity of the synthesized material decreased with increasing Si/Al ratio in the TUDC due to the formation of amorphous silica. The crystallite size of the materials was 30 nm as evidenced by TEM analysis. Among the samples prepared, Mo-TiO2/TUD-C of Si/Ti = 10 and Si/Al = 10 showed the highest catalytic activity with styrene oxide yield and selectivity of 8.42 mmol and 97%, respectively at room temperature. The increase of both Si/Ti and Si/Al ratios in Mo-TiO2/TUD-C led to poor catalytic performance due to less availability of catalytic active sites. The catalytic performance of Mo-TiO2/TUD-C was 8- fold higher than that unsupported Mo-TiO2. Results strongly suggested that TUD-C played an important role as catalyst support for the homogenous dispersion of Mo-TiO2 active sites, leading to the enhanced catalytic performance of Mo-TiO2. It has been demonstrated that Mo-TiO2/TUD-C was a good oxidative catalyst for styrene epoxidation at room temperature with high conversion and selectivity towards styrene oxide

Tud-1 supported vanadium-doped titania photocatalyst

New photocatalyst of Techniche Universiteit Delft-1 (TUD-1) supported 5 mol% V doped TiO2 (5V-TiO2 /TUD-1) exhibited enhanced activity in methylene blue photodegradation. XRD results revealed the presence of both anatase and rutile phases in the V-doped TiO2 sample. After loading onto TUD-1, the crystallinity of the sample dropped significantly, implying well dispersion of both V and TiO2 on the TUD-1. DRUV-Vis results suggested alteration of Ti species in the presence of TUD-1. Besides, the band gap energy of V-doped TiO2 decreased after loading onto TUD-1. The sample 5V-TiO2 /TUD-1 possessed high surface area of 626 m2 /g. The photocatalytic performance of the sample was evaluated through the photodegradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation. It has been demonstrated that 5V-TiO2 /TUD-1 was a better photocatalyst compared to TUD-1 and unsupported V-doped TiO2 . The current findings strongly indicated that TUD-1 played an important role as support to improve the photocatalytic activity of V-doped TiO2

Novel visible light-driven photocatalyst of mesoporous tud-1 supported chromium oxide doped titania for phenol photodegradation

Novel visible light driven mesoporous photocatalysts of Technische Universiteit Delft-1 (TUD-1) supported 1 mol% Cr oxide doped TiO2 (Cr-TiO2) were synthesized. Low angle XRD and FTIR results confirmed the amorphous and mesoporous silicate framework of TUD-1 in the materials. The mesostructure was further confirmed via N2 adsorption-desorption analysis showing type IV isotherm with narrow average pore size distribution (2.5 nm) and high surface area (864 m2/g). TEM analysis results indicated the attainment of nanoparticles and the porous channels in the synthesized materials. An increase in band-gap energy was observed after loading of Cr-TiO2 into TUD-1. As compared to the unsupported Cr-doped TiO2, all the TUD-1 supported Cr-doped TiO2 photocatalysts showed higher photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under visible light irradiation. Amongst, sample Cr oxide doped TiO2 supported on TUD-1 with molar ratio Si/Ti = 30 exhibited the highest photodegradation of phenol (82%). The phenol photodegradation followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with first order kinetics

From compliance to adherence and concordance, what quantitative and qualitative studies have synthesized?

Poor adherence has long been identified as the major health challenge in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The purpose of the present study is to provide a critical review on the revolution of the “compliance” concepts from compliance to adherence and concordance to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Hence, the present study attempts to provide an update of the possible factors related to adherence by incorporating findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies with respect to various chronic conditions regardless of their causes. A comprehensive literature search was performed using online databases from Library of University Putra Malaysia, and Pub Med based on the keywords. From the present studies, the findings showed that both quantitative and qualitative studies cannot be neglected in assessing adherence and its related problems. One of major findings from the present review is that “compliance” was no more suitable for current treatments and it is important to defined concepts of the terms used (adherence or concordance) correctly and clearly. The problems of definition or concepts of the terms used further affects the measurements and the results of the studies. It should be noted that the measurements and findings of the studies reviewed reflected that researchers placed great value on medication adherence, but have little attention to the non-pharmacological aspect of adherence. Since medications is not the only way of treatments for many chronic diseases and many patients resisted to take medications due to the strong negative image of medications, non-pharmacological treatments like lifestyle modifications seems to be more natural way of treatments. This may be one of the vital factor of why little progress of patients’ adherence to treatments throughout these three decades. There were three general factors related to adherence to treatments, namely socio-economic factor, treatments-related factor and disease-related factor. The findings showed that both qualitative and quantitative studies found consistent results for most of the factors, except the experience of diseases symptoms. Factors identified in the qualitative studies provides a better understanding on patients’ adherence to treatments regardless of illnesses, but more quantitative studies with a representative sample and valid instruments are in need to clarify these factors. Both study designs contribute important values to the adherence studies. Hence, it is suggested that future studies should not only consider qualitative study but also quantitative studies

Understanding Emotion-focused and Problem-focused Threat Avoidance Behavior of Ride-sharing Service Users in China: A Focus on the Moderating Effects of Use Context

This study discusses the location-sharing services and safety features provided by China\u27s ride-sharing firm DiDi. It focuses on the customers\u27 response behaviors when dealing with heightening crime risk in relation to car ride-sharing services. To this end, this study introduces use contexts concept based on the perspectives of problem and emotion-focused coping and performs an empirical study on users’ threat avoidance behavior. Surveys are distributed to ride-sharing service users and location-sharing service users who lived in the Guangdong Province. The survey results provide a number of theoretical and practical implications

Comparative effectiveness of telemedicine strategies on type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

The effects of telemedicine strategies on the management of diabetes is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different telemedicine strategies on glycaemic control management of type 2 diabetes patients. A search was performed in 6 databases from inception until September 2016 for randomized controlled studies that examined the use of telemedicine in adults with type 2 diabetes. Studies were independently extracted and classified according to the following telemedicine strategies: teleeducation, telemonitoring, telecase-management, telementoring and teleconsultation. Traditional and network meta-analysis were performed to estimate the relative treatment effects. A total of 107 studies involving 20,501 participants were included. Over a median of 6 months follow-up, telemedicine reduced haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by a mean of 0.43% (95% CI: −0.64% to −0.21%). Network meta-analysis showed that all telemedicine strategies were effective in reducing HbA1c significantly compared to usual care except for telecase-management and telementoring, with mean difference ranging from 0.37% and 0.71%. Ranking indicated that teleconsultation was the most effective telemedicine strategy, followed by telecase-management plus telemonitoring, and finally teleeducation plus telecase-management. The review indicates that most telemedicine strategies can be useful, either as an adjunct or to replace usual care, leading to clinically meaningful reduction in HbA1c

Does Social Health Insurance Help Owners of Micro- and Small Firms Cope with Family Hardships? Evidence from Indonesia

Micro- and small firms lack access to external finance and the labour market so that they are vulnerable to family hardships experienced by the owners such as deaths or sickness of family members. The literature is thin on how these firms cope with family hardships, in particular on whether owners’ access to social health insurance helps. We examine whether a social health insurance in Indonesia, Askeskin, protects owners of micro- and small firms against family hardships. We find some evidence Askeskin reduces the adverse effects of recent deaths in the family, outpatient care, and traffic accidents on net profits; Askeskin also protects the firms’ assets against owners’ outpatient care need. Social health insurance may, therefore, improve micro- and small firms’ survival, which (because most people in developing countries’ labour markets work in micro- and small firms) helps governments’ efforts to eradicate poverty