The Rememberance of a Moon Village

This article describes one of urban renewal projects in Seoul in 1990s that caused severe tragedies in the area based on the writer’s experience. Despite the criticisms of the “slum clearance” approach to urban renewal in the U.S. after the 1960s, Seoul adopted the concept to redevelop slum areas during 1970-1990s since the city government had to figure out the middle-class housing shortage as soon as possible. The urban renewal project abused the civil rights of slum residents by destroying their living foundation.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120401/1/Lee_TheRemembranceOfAMoonVillage.pd

The Brjuno functions of the by-excess, odd, even and odd-odd continued fractions and their regularity properties

The Brjuno function was introduced by Yoccoz to study the linearizability of holomorphic germs and other one-dimensional small divisor problems. The Brjuno functions associated with various continued fractions including the by-excess continued fraction were subsequently investigated, and it was conjectured that the difference between the classical Brjuno function and the even part of the Brjuno function associated with the by-excess continued fraction extends to a H\"older continuous function of the whole real line. In this paper, we prove this conjecture and we extend its validity to the more general case of Brjuno functions with positive exponents. Moreover, we study the Brjuno functions associated to the odd and even continued fractions introduced by Schweiger. We show that they belong to all $L^p$ spaces, $p\ge1$, and we prove that they differ from the classical Brjuno function by a H\"older continuous function. The odd-odd continued fraction, introduced in the study of the best approximations of the form odd/odd, appears in the analysis of the Brjuno function associated with the even continued fraction.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

Putative cell adhesion membrane protein Vstm5 regulates neuronal morphology and migration in the central nervous system

During brain development, dynamic changes in neuronal membranes perform critical roles in neuronal morphogenesis and migration to create functional neural circuits. Among the proteins that induce membrane dynamics, cell adhesion molecules are important in neuronal membrane plasticity. Here, we report that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a cell-adhesion-like molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily, was found in mouse brain. Knock-down of Vstm5 in cultured hippocampal neurons markedly reduced the complexity of dendritic structures, as well as the number of dendritic filopodia. Vstm5 also regulates neuronal morphology by promoting dendritic protrusions that later develop into dendritic spines. Using electroporationin utero, we found that Vstm5 overexpression delayed neuronal migration and induced multiple branches in leading processes during corticogenesis. These results indicate that Vstm5 is a new cell-adhesion-like molecule and is critically involved in synaptogenesis and corticogenesis by promoting neuronal membrane dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal migration and morphogenesis play critical roles in brain development and function. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (Vstm5), a putative cell adhesion membrane protein, modulates both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. Vstm5 is also one of the target genes responsible for variations in patient responses to treatments for major depressive disorder. Our results provide the first evidence that Vstm5 is a novel factor involved in the modulation of the neuronal membrane and a critical element in normal neural circuit formation during mammalian brain development.</jats:p

Exploring Chemical Space with Score-based Out-of-distribution Generation

A well-known limitation of existing molecular generative models is that the generated molecules highly resemble those in the training set. To generate truly novel molecules that may have even better properties for de novo drug discovery, more powerful exploration in the chemical space is necessary. To this end, we propose Molecular Out-Of-distribution Diffusion(MOOD), a score-based diffusion scheme that incorporates out-of-distribution (OOD) control in the generative stochastic differential equation (SDE) with simple control of a hyperparameter, thus requires no additional costs. Since some novel molecules may not meet the basic requirements of real-world drugs, MOOD performs conditional generation by utilizing the gradients from a property predictor that guides the reverse-time diffusion process to high-scoring regions according to target properties such as protein-ligand interactions, drug-likeness, and synthesizability. This allows MOOD to search for novel and meaningful molecules rather than generating unseen yet trivial ones. We experimentally validate that MOOD is able to explore the chemical space beyond the training distribution, generating molecules that outscore ones found with existing methods, and even the top 0.01% of the original training pool. Our code is available at https://github.com/SeulLee05/MOOD.Comment: ICML 202