8,763 research outputs found
Investigation of the SH3BP2 Gene Mutation in Cherubism
Cherubism is a rare developmental lesion of the jaw that is generally inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recent studies have revealed point mutations in the SH3BP2 gene in cherubism patients. In this study, we examined a 6-year-old Korean boy and his family. We found a Pro418Arg mutation in the SH3BP2 gene of the patient and his mother. A father and his 30-month-old younger brother had no mutations. Immunohistochemically, the multinucleated giant cells proved positive for CD68 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Numerous spindle-shaped stromal cells expressed a ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANKL), but not in multinucleated giant cells. These results provide evidence that RANKL plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells to multinucleated giant cells in cherubism. Additionally, genetic analysis may be a useful method for differentiation of cherubism.</p
Quasi-Eigenstate Evolution in Open Chaotic Billiards
We experimentally studied evolution of quasi-eigenmodes as classical dynamics
undergoing a transition from being regular to chaotic in open quantum
billiards. In a deformation-variable microcavity we traced all high-Q cavity
modes in a wide range of frequency as the cavity deformation increased. By
employing an internal parameter we were able to obtain a mode-dynamics diagram
at a given deformation, showing avoided crossings between different mode
groups, and could directly observe the coupling strengths induced by ray chaos
among encountering modes. We also show that the observed mode-dynamics diagrams
reflect the underlying classical ray dynamics in the phase space.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Development of deformation-tunable quadrupolar microcavity
We have developed a technique for realizing a two-dimensional quadrupolar
microcavity with its deformation variable from 0% to 20% continuously. We
employed a microjet ejected from a noncircular orifice in order to generate a
stationary column with modulated quadrupolar deformation in its cross section.
Wavelength red shifts of low-order cavity modes due to shape deformation were
measured and were found to be in good agreement with the wave calculation for
the same deformation, indicating the observed deformation is quadrupolar in
nature.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, intended for Rev. Sci. Instu
Chaos-assisted nonresonant optical pumping of quadrupole-deformed microlasers
Efficient nonresonant optical pumping of a high-Q scar mode in a
two-dimensional quadrupole-deformed microlaser has been demonstrated based on
ray and wave chaos. Three-fold enhancement in the lasing power was achieved at
a properly chosen pumping angle. The experimental result is consistent with ray
tracing and wave overlap integral calculations.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figure
In vitro and ex vivo measurement of the biophysical properties of blood using microfluidic platforms and animal models
Haemorheologically impaired microcirculation, such as blood clotting or abnormal blood flow, causes interrupted blood flows in vascular networks. The biophysical properties of blood, including blood viscosity, blood viscoelasticity, haematocrit, red blood bell (RBC) aggregation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and RBC deformability, have been used to monitor haematological diseases. In this review, we summarise several techniques for measuring haemorheological properties, such as blood viscosity, RBC deformability and RBC aggregation, using in vitro microfluidic platforms. Several methodologies for the measurement of haemorheological properties with the assistance of an extracorporeal rat bypass loop are also presented. We briefly discuss several emerging technologies for continuous, long-term, multiple measurements of haemorheological properties under in vitro or ex vivo conditions.11Ysciescopu
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