72,975 research outputs found
Half Semimetallic Antiferromagnetism in the SrCrTO System, T=Os, Ru
Double perovskite SrCrOsO is (or is very close to) a realization of a
spin-asymmetric semimetallic compensated ferrimagnet, according to first
principles calculations. This type of near-half metallic antiferromagnet is an
unusual occurrence, and more so in this compound because the zero gap is
accidental rather than being symmetry determined. The large spin-orbit coupling
(SOC) of osmium upsets the spin balance (no net spin moment without SOC): it
reduces the Os spin moment by 0.27 and induces an Os orbital moment of
0.17 in the opposite direction. The effects combine (with small oxygen
contributions) to give a net total moment of 0.54 per cell in \scoo,
reflecting a large impact of SOC in this compound. This value is in moderately
good agreement with the measured saturation moment of 0.75 . The value
of the net moment on the Os ion obtained from neutron diffraction (0.73
at low temperature) differs from the calculated value (1.14 ). Rather
surprisingly, in isovalent SrCrRuO the smaller SOC-induced spin changes
and orbital moments (mostly on Ru) almost exactly cancel. This makes
SrCrRuO a "half (semi)metallic antiferromagnet" (practically vanishing
net total moment) even when SOC is included, with the metallic channel being a
small-band-overlap semimetal. Fixed spin moment (FSM) calculations are
presented for each compound, illustrating how they provide different
information than in the case of a nonmagnetic material. These FSM results
indicate that the Cr moment is an order of magnitude stiffer against
longitudinal fluctuations than is the Os moment.Comment: 6 page
Prediction of force coefficients for labyrinth seals
The development of a linear model for the prediction of labyrinth seal forces and on its comparison to available stiffness data is presented. A discussion of the relevance of fluid damping forces and the preliminary stages of a program to obtain data on these forces are examined. Fluid-dynamic forces arising from nonuniform pressure patterns in labyrinth seal glands are known to be potentially destablizing in high power turbomachinery. A well documented case in point is that of the space Shuttle Main Engine turbopumps. Seal forces are also an important factor for the stability of shrouded turbines, acting in that case in conjunction with the effects of blade-tip clearance variations
Reconstructing Three-dimensional Structure of Underlying Triaxial Dark Halos From Xray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Observations of Galaxy Clusters
While the use of galaxy clusters as {\it tools} to probe cosmology is
established, their conventional description still relies on the spherical
and/or isothermal models that were proposed more than 20 years ago. We present,
instead, a deprojection method to extract their intrinsic properties from X-ray
and Sunyaev--Zel'dovich effect observations in order to improve our
understanding of cluster physics. First we develop a theoretical model for the
intra-cluster gas in hydrostatic equilibrium in a triaxial dark matter halo
with a constant axis ratio. In this theoretical model, the gas density profiles
are expressed in terms of the intrinsic properties of the dark matter halos.
Then, we incorporate the projection effect into the gas profiles, and show that
the gas surface brightness profiles are expressed in terms of the
eccentricities and the orientation angles of the dark halos. For the practical
purpose of our theoretical model, we provide several empirical fitting formulae
for the gas density and temperature profiles, and also for the surface
brightness profiles relevant to X-ray and Sunyaev--Zel'dovich effect
observations. Finally, we construct a numerical algorithm to determine the halo
eccentricities and orientation angles using our model, and demonstrate that it
is possible in principle to reconstruct the 3D structures of the dark halos
from the X-ray and/or Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect cluster data alone without
requiring priors such as weak lensing informations and without relying on such
restrictive assumptions as the halo axial symmetry about the line-of-sight.Comment: Accepted version, new discussions added, typos and minor mistakes
corrected, ApJ in press (2004, Feb. 1 scheduled, Vol. 601, No. 2 issue),26
pages, 7 postscript figure
Three-dimensional MgB-type superconductivity in hole-doped diamond
We substantiate by calculations that the recently discovered
superconductivity below 4 K in 3% boron-doped diamond is caused by
electron-phonon coupling of the same type as in MgB, albeit in 3
dimensions. Holes at the top of the zone-centered, degenerate -bonding
valence band couple strongly to the optical bond-stretching modes. The increase
from 2 to 3 dimensions reduces the mode-softening crucial for reaching
40 K in MgB Even if diamond had the same \emph{bare} coupling constant
as MgB which could be achieved with 10% doping, would only be 25
K. Superconductivity above 1 K in Si (Ge) requires hole-doping beyond 5% (10%).Comment: revised version, accepted by PR
SPH Simulations of Galactic Gaseous Disk with Bar: Distribution and Kinematic Structure of Molecular Clouds toward the Galactic Center
We have performed Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations to study
the response of molecular clouds in the Galactic disk to a rotating bar and
their subsequent evolution in the Galactic Center (GC) region. The Galactic
potential in our models is contributed by three axisymmetric components
(massive halo, exponential disk, compact bulge) and a non-axisymmetric bar.
These components are assumed to be invariant in time in the frame corotating
with the bar. Some noticeable features such as an elliptical outer ring, spiral
arms, a gas-depletion region, and a central concentration have been developed
due to the influence of the bar. The rotating bar induces non-circular motions
of the SPH particles, but hydrodynamic collisions tend to suppress the random
components of the velocity. The velocity field of the SPH particles is
consistent with the kinematics of molecular clouds observed in HCN (1-0)
transition; these clouds are thought to be very dense clouds. However, the l-v
diagram of the clouds traced by CO is quite different from that of our SPH
simulation, being more similar to that obtained from simulations using
collisionless particles. The diagram of a mixture of collisional and
collisionless particles gives better reproduction of the kinematic structures
of the GC clouds observed in the CO line. The fact that the kinematics of HCN
clouds can be reproduced by the SPH particles suggests that the dense clouds in
the GC are formed via cloud collisions induced by rotating bar.Comment: 31 pages, 10 pigures, accepted for publication in Ap
Dyons in N=4 Supersymmetric Theories and Three-Pronged Strings
We construct and explore BPS states that preserve 1/4 of supersymmetry in N=4
Yang-Mills theories. Such states are also realized as three-pronged strings
ending on D3-branes. We correct the electric part of the BPS equation and
relate its solutions to the unbroken abelian gauge group generators. Generic
1/4-BPS solitons are not spherically symmetric, but consist of two or more
dyonic components held apart by a delicate balance between static
electromagnetic force and scalar Higgs force. The instability previously found
in three-pronged string configurations is due to excessive repulsion by one of
these static forces. We also present an alternate construction of these 1/4-BPS
states from quantum excitations around a magnetic monopole, and build up the
supermultiplet for arbitrary (quantized) electric charge. The degeneracy and
the highest spin of the supermultiplet increase linearly with a relative
electric charge. We conclude with comments.Comment: 33 pages, two figures, LaTex, a footnote added, the figure caption of
Fig.2 expanded, one more referenc
Quantum 1/4 BPS Dyons
Classical properties of 1/4 BPS dyons were previously well understood both in
field theory context and in string theory context. Its quantum properties,
however, have been more difficult to probe, although the elementary information
of the supermultiplet structures is known from a perturbative construction.
Recently, a low energy effective theory of monopoles was constructed and argued
to contain these dyons as quantum bound states. In this paper, we find these
dyonic bound states explicitly in the N=4 supersymmetric low energy effective
theory. After identifying the correct angular momentum operators, we motivate
an anti-self-dual ansatz for all BPS bound states. The wavefunctions are found
explicitly, whose spin contents and degeneracies match exactly the expected
results.Comment: 20 pages, no figure
Resonance NLS Solitons as Black Holes in Madelung Fluid
A new resonance version of NLS equation is found and embedded to the
reaction-diffusion system, equivalent to the anti-de Sitter valued Heisenberg
model, realizing a particular gauge fixing condition of the Jackiw-Teitelboim
gravity. The space-time points where dispersion change the sign correspond to
the event horizon, and the soliton solutions to the AdS black holes. The
soliton with velocity bounded above describes evolution on the hyperboloid with
nontrivial winding number and create under collisions the resonance states with
a specific life time.Comment: Plain Tex, 12 pages, 6 figure
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