application of nighttime lights data

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2020China’s rapid and successful development of HSR network provides a sound empirical setting to analyze the effect of transport infrastructure on regional development. Did the HSR promote local economic activities in the areas near HSR stations? This study aims to empirically examine the changes in economic activities associated with the introduction of the Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR line on December 26th, 2009. For analysis, this study uses nighttime lights data from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to proxy for local economic activities and construct an 8-year panel dataset at the township level. Using a differences-in-differences approach, the study finds that on average, townships near HSR stations have seen an increase in economic activities by 9% four years after the launch of the HSR. A series of robustness checks confirms the main result.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Background 4. Data and Summary Statistics 5. Empirical Strategy 6. Empirical Results 7. Conclusion and Discussion 8. ReferenceOutstandingmasterpublishedHye Rin LEE

Situating expectancies and subjective task values across grade levels, domains, and countries : A network approach

In their recently renamed theory, situated expectancy-value theory (SEVT), Eccles and Wigfield (2020) emphasized the importance of situations in influencing individuals’ motivational beliefs and academic choices. Adopting a novel approach—network analysis—this study aimed to examine how situations may impact the associations among expectancies, subjective task values, and achievement from a holistic perspective. In this study, situations were operationalized as grade levels (i.e., 6th –9th grade), subject domains (i.e., language arts and math), and countries (i.e., Finland and Germany). Adolescents from Finland (N = 4,062) and Germany (N = 449) were included in the study. Results showed that, overall, the networks are mostly subject bound, yearly varied, and country specific, supporting the situative nature of SEVT. We also found that expectancies were consistently the closest motivational beliefs to achievement, whereas utility values were the least close, implying that expectancies, not utility, might be the most desirable intervention targets for achievement improvement.Peer reviewe

College students’ motivational beliefs and use of goal-oriented control strategies : Integrating two theories of motivated behavior

In college, students often encounter situations in which they struggle to meet their academic goals in difficult courses. We integrate the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development and Situated Expectancy-Value Theory to investigate how motivational beliefs and experiences in a difficult course predict the use of goal engagement oriented and goal adjustment oriented control strategies that can help students stay engaged in challenging courses. We used survey data collected in two academic quarters at a public university in the U.S. (N = 231). Students who perceived their midterm exam as more difficult than expected and students with higher course-specific subjective task values reported using more goal engagement oriented and goal adjustment oriented control strategies. Students with higher course-specific ability beliefs were less likely to use goal adjustment strategies. Results further showed that students planned to use control strategies depending on their experienced setbacks or success in exams. Findings provide important insights into how motivational orientations and course experiences relate to adaptive and goal-oriented behavior in college courses

College Students’ motivational beliefs and use of goal-oriented control strategies: Integrating two theories of motivated behavior

In college, students often encounter situations in which they struggle to meet their academic goals in difficult courses. We integrate the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development and Situated Expectancy-Value Theory to investigate how motivational beliefs and experiences in a difficult course predict the use of goal engagement oriented and goal adjustment oriented control strategies that can help students stay engaged in challenging courses. We used survey data collected in two academic quarters at a public university in the U.S. (N = 231). Students who perceived their midterm exam as more difficult than expected and students with higher course-specific subjective task values reported using more goal engagement oriented and goal adjustment oriented control strategies. Students with higher course-specific ability beliefs were less likely to use goal adjustment strategies. Results further showed that students planned to use control strategies depending on their experienced setbacks or success in exams. Findings provide important insights into how motivational orientations and course experiences relate to adaptive and goal-oriented behavior in college courses

Speed modulated social influence in evacuating pedestrian crowds

Evacuation is a complex social phenomenon with individuals tending to exit a confined space as soon as possible. Social factors that influence an individual include collision avoidance and conformity with others with respect to the tendency to exit. While collision avoidance has been heavily focused on by the agent-based models used frequently to simulate evacuation scenarios, these models typically assume that all agents have an equal desire to exit the scene in a given situation. It is more likely that, out of those who are exiting, some are patient while others seek to exit as soon as possible. Here, we experimentally investigate the effect of different proportions of patient (no-rush) versus impatient (rush) individuals in an evacuating crowd of up to 24 people. Our results show that a) average speed changes significantly for individuals who otherwise tended to rush (or not rush) with both type of individuals speeding up in the presence of the other; and b) deviation rate, defined as the amount of turning, changes significantly for the rush individuals in the presence of no-rush individuals. We then seek to replicate this effect with Helbing's social force model with the twin purposes of analyzing how well the model fits experimental data, and explaining the differences in speed in terms of model parameters. We find that we must change the interaction parameters for both rush and no-rush agents depending on the condition that we are modeling in order to fit the model to the experimental data

[5-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazol-5-olato]diphenylboron

In the title compound, C26H20BN3O, the B atom has tetra­hedral geometry and is linked to two phenyl rings, the O atom of the hy­droxy­pyrazole ring and the N atom of the pyridinyl ring. A six-membered BOCNCN ring forms by coordination of the B atom and the pyridinyl N atom. The BOCNCN ring has an envelope conformation [dihedral angle = 36.7 (1)° between the planar ring atoms and the flap] with the B atom out of the plane. In the 1-(2-pyridin­yl)-3-phenyl-5-hy­droxy­pyrazole group, the pyridinyl ring, the phenyl ring and the pyrazole ring are almost coplanar: the pyrazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 9.56 (8)° with the pyridinyl ring and 17.68 (7)° with the phenyl ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π stacking inter­actions involving the pyridinyl and pyrazole rings of centrosymmetrically related mol­ecules, with ring centroid separations of 3.54 (5) Å

Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-assessed measurements of physical activity according to socio-demographic characteristics in Korean adults

OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown relatively low correlations between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA). However, this association differs by socio-demographic factors, and this relationship has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA and whether it differed by demographic and socioeconomic factors among the Korean general population. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 623 participants (203 men and 420 women) aged 30 to 64 years, who completed a PA questionnaire and wore a wrist-worn accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We examined the agreement for metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) between the 2 measures and calculated Spearman correlation coefficients according to demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS The kappa coefficient between tertiles of self-reported and accelerometer-assessed total MET-min/wk was 0.16 in the total population, suggesting overall poor agreement. The correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.26 (p<0.001) in the total population, and the correlation tended to decrease with increasing age (p for trend <0.001) and depression scores (p for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found a low correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA among healthy Korean adults, and the correlation decreased with age and depression score. When studying PA using accelerometers and/or questionnaires, age and depression need to be considered, as should differences between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA

CRISPR-Cas9-Based Functional Interrogation of Unconventional Translatome Reveals Human Cancer Dependency on Cryptic Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames

Emerging evidence suggests that cryptic translation beyond the annotated translatome produces proteins with developmental or physiological functions. However, functions of cryptic non-canonical open reading frames (ORFs) in cancer remain largely unknown. To fill this gap and systematically identify colorectal cancer (CRC) dependency on non-canonical ORFs, we apply an integrative multiomic strategy, combining ribosome profiling and a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen with large-scale analysis of molecular and clinical data. Many such ORFs are upregulated in CRC compared to normal tissues and are associated with clinically relevant molecular subtypes. We confirm the in vivo tumor-promoting function of the microprotein SMIMP, encoded by a primate-specific, long noncoding RNA, the expression of which is associated with poor prognosis in CRC, is low in normal tissues and is specifically elevated in CRC and several other cancer types. Mechanistically, SMIMP interacts with the ATPase-forming domains of SMC1A, the core subunit of the cohesin complex, and facilitates SMC1A binding to cis-regulatory elements to promote epigenetic repression of the tumor-suppressive cell cycle regulators encoded by CDKN1A and CDKN2B. Thus, our study reveals a cryptic microprotein as an important component of cohesin-mediated gene regulation and suggests that the \u27dark\u27 proteome, encoded by cryptic non-canonical ORFs, may contain potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets