Lung cancer with superior vena cava syndrome diagnosed by intravascular biopsy using EBUS-TBNA

AbstractSince superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a critical condition, immediate diagnostic approach and therapy are imperative to avoid potentially life-threatening complications. Here, we report a case of lung cancer with SVCS, which was diagnosed through intravascular tumor biopsy using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). EBUS-TBNA enabled us to obtain tissue sufficient for diagnosis, without significant complications. Prompt diagnosis was followed by appropriate anticancer treatment and improvement in the symptoms. For patients suspected of SVCS and requiring prompt pathologic diagnosis, we can consider EBUS-TBNA to diagnose intravascular or mediastinal tumors and provide an accurate diagnosis

Long-Range Orbital Transport in Ferromagnets

While it is often assumed that the orbital transport is short-ranged due to strong crystal field potential and orbital quenching, we show that orbital propagation can be remarkably long-ranged in ferromagnets. In contrast to spin transport, which exhibits an oscillatory decaying behavior by spin dephasing, the injected orbital angular momentum does not oscillate and decays slowly. This unusual feature is attributed to nearly degenerate states in $\mathbf{k}$-space, which form hot-spots for the intrinsic orbital response. We demonstrate this in a bilayer consisting of a nonmagnet and a ferromagnet, where the orbital Hall current is injected from a nonmagnet into a ferromagnet. Interaction of the orbital Hall current with the magnetization in the ferromagnet results in an intrinsic response of the orbital angular momentum which propagates far beyond the spin dephasing length. This gives rise to a distinct type of orbital torque on the magnetization, increasing with the thickness of the ferromagnet. Such behavior may serve as critical long-sought evidence of orbital transport to be directly tested in experiments. Our findings open the possibility of using long-range orbital transport in orbitronic device applications

Observation of the orbital Hall effect in a light metal Ti

The orbital angular momentum is a core ingredient of orbital magnetism, spin Hall effect, giant Rashba spin splitting, orbital Edelstein effect, and spin-orbit torque. However, its experimental detection is tricky. In particular, direct detection of the orbital Hall effect remains elusive despite its importance for electrical control of magnetic nanodevices. Here we report the direct observation of the orbital Hall effect in a light metal Ti. The Kerr rotation by the accumulated orbital magnetic moment is measured at Ti surfaces, whose result agrees with theoretical calculations semiquantitatively and is supported by the orbital torque measurement in Ti-based magnetic heterostructures. The results confirm the electron orbital angular momentum as an essential dynamic degree of freedom, which may provide a novel mechanism for the electric control of magnetism. The results may also deepen the understanding of spin, valley, phonon, and magnon dynamics coupled with orbital dynamics

Intrinsic Spin and Orbital Hall Effects from Orbital Texture

We show theoretically that both the intrinsic spin Hall effect (SHE) and orbital Hall effect (OHE) can arise in centrosymmetric systems through momentum-space orbital texture, which is ubiquitous even in centrosymmetric systems unlike spin texture. The OHE occurs even without spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and is converted into the SHE through SOC. The resulting spin Hall conductivity is large (comparable to that of Pt) but depends on the SOC strength in a nonmonotonic way. This mechanism is stable against orbital quenching. This work suggests a path for an ongoing search for materials with stronger SHE. It also calls for experimental efforts to probe orbital degrees of freedom in the OHE and SHE. Possible ways for experimental detection are briefly discussed. © 2018 American Physical Societ

실행공동체 멤버 재구성을 통한 조직차원에서의 지식공유 활동 개선방안 연구

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Strategy for 4-Hydroxyvalerate Production Enhancement in Pseudomonas putida KT2440

Levulinic acid (LA) is one of starting material for valuable C5 chemical. Because LA has a commercially high potential because it has a relatively low price and a growing market. Thus, many bacteria including LA catabolic pathway is very attractive as industrial host strain. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is also one of them. P. putida KT2440 has high resistance to toxicity of organic solvent and oxygen stress, less side pathway and relatively low maintenance energy for growth. Above all, LA catabolic operon was already identified, and it includes 4-hydroxyvaleric-Coa, which can be converted to 4-hydroxyvalerate, which is a precursor of Gamma-valerolactone. Because Gamma-valerolactone is platform chemical that is convert to other valuable product such as green solvent or bio-fuel, we determined 4HV as the target product and regulated metabolic pathway of P. putida for accumulation of 4HV. We also tried to maximize the production of 4HV by detection and strengthening the side pathway involved in 4HV production by adaptive laboratory evolution and developing novel genetic engineering system for P. putida. As a result, we could construct fast growing P. putida strain in minimal media include LA, and increased 4HV production in P. putida

Development of Performance Criteria and Indicators for Government-Sponsored R&Ds: Assessing Different R&D Stage and Field Aspects

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CoP Evaluation and Reward Decision Support System Based on Active Context-aware Decision-making

Recently, companies have proactively kicked off enterprise-wide knowledge management (KM) supports for their competitive advantages. And, the role of communities of practice (CoP) is increasingly important as collective knowledge-sharing seems more demanding and efficient. CoP involves several decision activities. Decision support system (DSS), a decision support tool using information systems, could play an important role in some of those activities particularly in performance evaluation and reward policies of CoP. In parallel, the trend of knowledge-sharing activities in KM has been changed from offline-base to online, mobile, and ubiquitous-base. This paper describes how both concepts of decision making and context-awareness are jointly used for making decisions with CoP activities. A model of CoP Activity Evaluation and Reward DSS (CAER-DSS) is suggested. CAER-DSS provides the functions of inquiries and controls of CoP evaluation, and supports decision makers to make reward decisions on real-time basis in ubiquitous environment.X112sciescopu

Gigantic intrinsic orbital Hall effects in weakly spin-orbit coupled metals

A recent paper [D. Go et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 086602 (2018)] proposed that the intrinsic orbital Hall effect (OHE) can emerge from momentum-space orbital texture in centrosymmetric materials. In searching for real materials with strong OHE, we investigate the intrinsic OHE in metals with small spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic structures (Li, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu). We find that orbital Hall conductivities (OHCs) in these materials are gigantic similar to 10(3)- 10(4) ((h) over bar /e)(Omega . cm)(-1), which are comparable or larger than spin Hall conductivity (SHC) of Pt. Although SHCs in these materials are smaller than OHCs due to small SOC, we found that SHCs are still sizable and the spin Hall angles may be of the order of 0.1. We discuss implications on recent spin-charge interconversion experiments on materials having small SOC.11Nsciescopu