95 research outputs found
Accelerated materials language processing enabled by GPT
Materials language processing (MLP) is one of the key facilitators of
materials science research, as it enables the extraction of structured
information from massive materials science literature. Prior works suggested
high-performance MLP models for text classification, named entity recognition
(NER), and extractive question answering (QA), which require complex model
architecture, exhaustive fine-tuning and a large number of human-labelled
datasets. In this study, we develop generative pretrained transformer
(GPT)-enabled pipelines where the complex architectures of prior MLP models are
replaced with strategic designs of prompt engineering. First, we develop a
GPT-enabled document classification method for screening relevant documents,
achieving comparable accuracy and reliability compared to prior models, with
only small dataset. Secondly, for NER task, we design an entity-centric
prompts, and learning few-shot of them improved the performance on most of
entities in three open datasets. Finally, we develop an GPT-enabled extractive
QA model, which provides improved performance and shows the possibility of
automatically correcting annotations. While our findings confirm the potential
of GPT-enabled MLP models as well as their value in terms of reliability and
practicability, our scientific methods and systematic approach are applicable
to any materials science domain to accelerate the information extraction of
scientific literature
Synergistic multi-doping effects on the Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte for fast lithium ion conduction.
Here, we investigate the doping effects on the lithium ion transport behavior in garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) from the combined experimental and theoretical approach. The concentration of Li ion vacancy generated by the inclusion of aliovalent dopants such as Al(3+) plays a key role in stabilizing the cubic LLZO. However, it is found that the site preference of Al in 24d position hinders the three dimensionally connected Li ion movement when heavily doped according to the structural refinement and the DFT calculations. In this report, we demonstrate that the multi-doping using additional Ta dopants into the Al-doped LLZO shifts the most energetically favorable sites of Al in the crystal structure from 24d to 96 h Li site, thereby providing more open space for Li ion transport. As a result of these synergistic effects, the multi-doped LLZO shows about three times higher ionic conductivity of 6.14 × 10(-4) S cm(-1) than that of the singly-doped LLZO with a much less efforts in stabilizing cubic phases in the synthetic condition
Human Pose Estimation in Extremely Low-Light Conditions
We study human pose estimation in extremely low-light images. This task is
challenging due to the difficulty of collecting real low-light images with
accurate labels, and severely corrupted inputs that degrade prediction quality
significantly. To address the first issue, we develop a dedicated camera system
and build a new dataset of real low-light images with accurate pose labels.
Thanks to our camera system, each low-light image in our dataset is coupled
with an aligned well-lit image, which enables accurate pose labeling and is
used as privileged information during training. We also propose a new model and
a new training strategy that fully exploit the privileged information to learn
representation insensitive to lighting conditions. Our method demonstrates
outstanding performance on real extremely low light images, and extensive
analyses validate that both of our model and dataset contribute to the success.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 202
Nb-doped TiO2 air-electrode for advanced Li-air batteries
As new substrate materials to replace a conventional carbon substrate, TiO2 and Nb-doped TiO2 air-electrodes for Li-air batteries were investigated. Through a simple two-step process, we successfully synthesized anatase Nb-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and demonstrated the potential applicability of TiO2-based materials for use in Li-air battery electrode. An air-electrode with Nb-doped TiO2 nanoparticles could deliver a higher discharge capacity than a bare TiO2 electrode due to the enhanced conductivity, which implies the importance of facile electron transport during the discharge process. © 2014 The Ceramic Society of Japan and the Korean Ceramic Society.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for 6G Networks: Ten Promising Scenarios and Applications
In the upcoming 6G era, multiple access (MA) will play an essential role in
achieving high throughput performances required in a wide range of wireless
applications. Since MA and interference management are closely related issues,
the conventional MA techniques are limited in that they cannot provide
near-optimal performance in universal interference regimes. Recently,
rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) has been gaining much attention. RSMA
splits an individual message into two parts: a common part, decodable by every
user, and a private part, decodable only by the intended user. Each user first
decodes the common message and then decodes its private message by applying
successive interference cancellation (SIC). By doing so, RSMA not only embraces
the existing MA techniques as special cases but also provides significant
performance gains by efficiently mitigating inter-user interference in a broad
range of interference regimes. In this article, we first present the
theoretical foundation of RSMA. Subsequently, we put forth four key benefits of
RSMA: spectral efficiency, robustness, scalability, and flexibility. Upon this,
we describe how RSMA can enable ten promising scenarios and applications along
with future research directions to pave the way for 6G.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE Network Magazin
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