Evaluation of the efficacy of test products to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin present in broiler chick diets

Abstract only availableAn in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of several adsorbent test products to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in chicks. Ninety day-old straight run chicks were purchased from a commercial hatchery, weighed, wing-banded, and assigned to floor pens. A completely randomized design was used with 10 chicks (chick was experimental unit) assigned to each of 9 dietary treatments from hatch to 28 days. The aflatoxin used for this study was supplied by Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL-2999) culture material (815 mg AFB1/kg). The dietary treatments included: 1) basal diet containing no AFB1); 2) basal diet supplemented with 1.5 mg AFB1 /kg diet; 3) As diet 2 plus Product 1; 4) As diet 2 plus Product 2; 5) As diet 2 plus Product 3; 6) As diet 2 plus Product 4; 7) As diet 2 plus Product 5; 8) As diet 2 plus Product 6; and 9) As diet 2 plus Product 7. The addition of Products 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 to AF diets did not prevent the reduction in body weight gain (BWG) due to AFB1. Chicks fed diets containing Products 1 thru 6 all had lower BWG (P >.05) compared with control chicks. Body weight gain of birds fed Product 7 was not significantly different (P > .05) from the birds fed the positive control; however, it was also not significantly different (P >.05) from birds fed AF B1 alone. Relative liver weights were not affected by dietary treatments (P > .05) and averaged 3.06 g/100g body weight across all treatments. Results of this study indicate that none of these products were effective in ameliorating the toxic effects of AFB1.Louis Stokes Missouri Alliance for Minority Participatio

Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) to ameliorate the adverse effects of T-2 toxin in broiler chicks

Abstract only availableA 3-wk feeding study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TMP), containing a known level of curcumin to ameliorate the adverse effects of T-2 toxin in broiler chicks. Five pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 6 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments evaluated include: 1) basal diet containing no T-2 toxin or TMP; 2) basal diet supplemented with 0.67% TMP containing 220 mg/kg total curcuminoids (TCMN); 3) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg T-2; 4) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg T-2 and 220 mg/kg TCMN; 5) basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg T-2; 6) and basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg T-2 and 220 mg/kg TCMN. The addition of T-2 toxin or TCMN to the diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake, body weight gain, or feed conversion which averaged 870g, 685g, and 1.29 g:g, respectively, across all treatments. Similarly, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of T-2 or TCMN on relative liver weight which averaged 3.07g across all treatments. Results indicate that 2 mg/kg T-2 was not toxic to broiler chicks fed dietary treatments for 3 weeks. Results also indicate that the addition of 220 mg/kg TCMN to the basal diet was not beneficial to chicks. It remains to be seen if T-2 toxin negatively affected the antioxidant status and hepatic gene expression of chicks, and if TCMN was beneficial in ameliorating any observed negative effects. Samples are currently being analyzed for antioxidant activity and changes in gene expression.Gyeongsang National Universit

Efficacy of high levels of microbial phytase in improving phytate Phosphorus utilization by turkeys

Abstract only availableA 14-day study was conducted with 750 female turkey poults to determine the efficacy of high levels of phytase in improving turkey performance and percent and milligram toe ash. Six dietary treatments were assigned to five replicate pens of 25 poults each. A National Research Council (NRC) corn-soybean meal diet, adequate in all nutrients, was fed to all birds for the first week. Dietary treatments fed from 8 to 21 days of age included: 1) a positive control NRC diet (0.6% non-phytate phosphorus [npP] and 1.2% Ca); 2) a low P negative control basal diet (B) (0.36% npP and 1.01% Ca); 3) B + 250 U/kg phytase; 4) B + 500 U/kg phytase; 5) B + 10,000 U/kg phytase; and 6) B + 20,000 U/kg phytase. Feed intake and body weight gain were significantly higher (P .05) to the NRC positive control diet but significantly higher (P < .05) than the negative control birds (diet 2). Milligrams of toe ash was also significantly higher (P < .05) for the birds fed the highest two levels of phytase compared to the birds fed the other diets. Feeding high levels of phytase (≥10,000 U/kg) to turkeys was effective in increasing phytate phosphorus utilization and in improving growth performance above the birds fed the NRC control diet.F.B. Miller Undergraduate Research Program in Animal Science

Efficacy of curcumin in ameliorating the toxic effects of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin in young broilers [abstract]

Abstract only availableTwo experiments (hatch to 21 days) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (AF; Exp.1) and ochratoxin A (OA; Exp. 2). Food grade turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) containing 2.55% (Exp. 1) and 1.90% (Exp. 2) total curcuminoids (TCMN) was the source of curcumin. In Exp. 1, six pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 6 dietary treatments: A) basal diet with no TCMN or AF (BD); B) BD plus 444 mg/kg TCMN;C) BD plus 1.0 mg/kg AF; D) BD plus 74 mg/kg TCMN and 1.0 mg/kg AF;E) BD plus 222 mg/kg TCMN and 1.0 mg/kg AF; and F) BD plus 444 mg/kg TCMN and 1.0 mg/kg AF. Compared with controls, the addition of 1 mg/kg AF to the basal diet decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG). The addition of 74 and 222 mg/kg TCMN to the AF diet improved (P < 0.05) WG. In Exp. 2, five pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 5 dietary treatments: A) basal diet with no TCMN or OA (BD); B) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg diet; C) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg and 75 mg/kg TCMN; D) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg and 150 mg/kg TCMN; and E) BD plus 2.5 mg OA/kg diet and 225 mg/kg TCMN. Compared to controls, chicks fed OA had reduced (P < 0.001) feed FI and WG. The addition of up to 225 mg/kg to the OA diet was not effective in preventing the toxic effects of OA. Addition of 222 mg/kg TCMN to the AF diet was partially effective in protecting chicks from the toxic effects of AF, but 225 mg/kg TCMN was not effective in protecting chicks from the toxic effects of OA.CAFNR On Campus Research Internshi

Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) to ameliorate the adverse effects of ochratoxin A in broiler chicks

Abstract only availableA 21-day feeding study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TMP), containing a known level of curcumin to offset the adverse effects of ochratoxin A (OA) in broiler chicks. Five pen replicates of 5 chicks each were assigned to each of 6 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments evaluated include: 1) basal diet containing no OA or TMP; 2) basal diet supplemented with 0.67% TMP containing 220 mg/kg total curcuminoids (TCMN); 3) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg OA; 4) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg OA and 220 mg/kg TCMN; 5) basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg OA; 6) and basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg OA and 220 mg/kg TCMN. The addition of OA to the diet significantly reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake, body weight gain, and caused poor feed conversion . Similarly, there was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of OA on relative liver weight and relative kidney weight.. Results indicated that 220 mg/kg TCMN did not counteract any adverse effects in broiler chicks fed OA at levels of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg. It remains to be seen if OA negatively affected antioxidant status and hepatic gene expression of chicks, and if TCMN will be beneficial in ameliorating any observed adverse effects. Samples are currently being analyzed for antioxidant activity and changes in gene expression.F.B. Miller Undergraduate Research Program in Animal Science