59 research outputs found

    MC-128: current commutator for silicon strip detector tests

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    The MC-128 is a CAMAC module designed to simplify routine tests of multichannel semiconductor detectors. It was developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) Novosibirsk in collaboration with RD2 as part of the ATLAS SCT development program. The module provides 128 channels, offering sequential measurements of the currents flowing grom detector strips to a grounded Common Bus. Each input stays virtually connected to the Common Bus independently on whether its current is measured or not. Eight inputs are permanently connected to the Common Bus, allowing the connection of additional elements like guard ring structures. The total detector current can be measured as the current flowing through the Common Bus. Measurements are accessible via a CAMAC bus and in analog form via a front panel detector. Optionally, the MC 128 allows the measurement of the capacitance between each strip and the common (high voltage) electrode of the detector at 10 kHz frequency

    ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поврСТдСния Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρƒ онкологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° основании Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… РКВ

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    Objective. Comparison of the magnitude of the change in the density of lung tissue and the volume of these changes after radiation therapy over time based on the data obtained using the new method of quantitative analysis developed by us and with the usual visual assessment of the CT data.Materials and methods. We used the data of dynamic observation of 90 patients who underwent RT for the tumors of thoracic localization during the period from 2014 to 2021 at the Federal Institution β€œRussian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology”. These patients had CT examinations performed before and after RT. Control CT studies were performed 1–237 days after RT (mean control interval 96 Β± 64.3 days). A total of 238 CT studies of these patients were analyzed, with an average number of RCT studies per patient of 2.6. Among the selected patients, there were 36 (40%) men and 54 (60%) women aged 23 to 86 years (the average age was 51.9 Β± 15.6 years).Results. Radiation damage in the lungs using the method of quantitative analysis of CT data is detected starting from the value of Ξ”HU = 20 and volume from 3.2% for the early period (15–35 days) after the end of treatment. Starting from 15–25 to 50 days after the end of RT, quantitative analysis reveals primary changes in the lung tissue, incl. and undetectable visually (from 20 to 80 HU), and to suggest further dynamics of these changes depending on the characteristics of the performed RT. From 50 to 80 days – reveals the real volume of radiation pulmonitis by taking into account the changes invisible during visual analysis in the lung tissue irradiated at a dose of 20 Gy to 30 Gy. From 80 to 120 days – allows you to assess the presence and dynamics of changes in the lung tissue with the threshold radiation dose in the lung tissue 30–35 Gy. From 120 onwards, quantitative analysis of CT data, as well as visual assessment, reveals damage in areas of the lungs with the dose of more than 30–35 Gy, which is caused by post-radiation pneumofibrosis. On the basis of the obtained quantitative data on radiation lung damage, the mathematical regularities of the development of this process were calculated, taking into account the time and dose factors.Conclusions. Quantitative assessment of changes in lung density according to CT data in dynamics, carried out using the technique developed by us, is a radiomic indicator of their radiation damage during therapeutic irradiation in cancer patients, which, in combination with the presented mathematical model, can be used for diagnostic purposes to quantify the severity and predicting the dynamics of radiation damage to the lungs in general, as well as identifying individual radiosensitivity.The results obtained can be presented not only in the form of graphs, but also in the form of color maps with preservation of anatomical landmarks, which is convenient for use in clinical practice to support medical decision-making on patient management.ЦСль исслСдования: сопоставлСниС Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ измСнСния плотности Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ объСмов этих ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ послС Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (Π›Π’) с Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° основании Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ количСствСнного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… РКВ.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Использовались Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ динамичСского наблюдСния 90 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π›Π’ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ с 2014 ΠΏΠΎ 2021 Π³. Π² Π€Π“Π‘Π£ β€œΠ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ рСнтгСнорадиологии”. Π£ всСх этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² имСлись РКВ-исслСдования, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ послС Π›Π’. ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 1–237 сут послС Π›Π’ (срСдний ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π» контроля 96 Β± 64,3 сут). ВсСго Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 238 РКВ-исслСдований со срСдним количСством РКВ-исслСдований Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° 2,6. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ 36 (40,0%) ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 54 (60,0%) ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 23 Π΄ΠΎ 86 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ (срСдний возраст 51,9 Β± 15,6 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° количСствСнного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… РКВ выявляСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ плотности ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… участков Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ начиная с Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ 20 HU ΠΈ объСма ΠΎΡ‚ 3,2% для Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° (15–35 сут) послС окончания Π›Π’. Начиная с 25-Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ 50-Π΅ сутки послС окончания Π›Π’ количСствСнный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· позволяСт Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΈ Π½Π΅ опрСдСляСмыС Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с исходной ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 80 HU, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ этих ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π›Π’. Π‘ 50-Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ 80-Π΅ сутки количСствСнный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· выявляСт Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ объСм Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π·Π° счСт ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ плотности Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 30 Π“Ρ€. Π‘ 80-Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ 120-Π΅ сутки – позволяСт ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 30–35 Π“Ρ€. Начиная со 120-Ρ… суток ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ количСствСнный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· РКВ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, выявляСт Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стойкого постлучСвого ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° Π² участках Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…, ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 30–35 Π“Ρ€. На основС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… количСствСнных Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎ Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° рассчитана матСматичСская Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ развития этого процСсса с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½FΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ².Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° измСнСния плотности Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ РКВ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ являСтся радиомичСским ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поврСТдСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ тСрапСвтичСском ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ онкологичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² сочСтании с прСдставлСнной матСматичСской модСлью ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использован Π² диагностичСских цСлях для количСствСнной ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ стСпСни тяТСсти ΠΈ прогнозирования Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поврСТдСния Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ выявлСния ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ.ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ прСдставлСны Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Ρ†Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ с сохранСниСм анатомичСских ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ для использования Π² клиничСской ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ принятия Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ вСдСнию ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²

    Discovery of new colonies by Sentinel2 reveals good and bad news for emperor

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    The distribution of emperor penguins is circumpolar, with 54 colony locations currently reported of which 50 are currently extant as of 2019. Here we report on eight newly discovered colonies and confirm the rediscovery of three breeding sites, only previously reported in the era before Very High Resolution satellite imagery was available, making a total of 61 breeding locations. This represents an increase of ~20% in the number of breeding sites, but, as most of the colonies appear to be small, they may only increase the total population by around 5–10%. The discoveries have been facilitated by the use of Sentinel2 satellite imagery, which has a higher resolution and more efficient search mechanism than the Landsat data previously used to search for colonies. The small size of these new colonies indicates that considerations of reproductive output in relation to metabolic rate during huddling is likely to be of interest. Some of the colonies exist in offshore habitats, something not previously reported for emperor penguins. Comparison with recent modelling results show that the geographic locations of all the newly found colonies are in areas likely to be highly vulnerable under business‐as‐usual greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, suggesting that population decreases for the species will be greater than previously thought

    NESTOR: A neutrino particle astrophysics underwater laboratory for the Mediterranean

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    Abstract An underwater neutrino astrophysics laboratory, to be located in the international waters off the Southwest of Greece, near the town of Pylos is now under construction. In the last two years a group of physicists from Greece and Russia have carried out two demonstration experiments in 4km deep water, counting muons and verifying the adequacy of the deep sea site. Plans are presented for a 100, 000 m 2 high energy neutrino detector composed of a hexagon of hexagonal towers, with 1176 optical detector units. A progress report is given and the physics potential of a siggle tower with 168 phototubes (currently under construction) is described

    THE EXPRESSIONISM OF L.ANDREEV’S PROSE IN CINEMA

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    The article considers the issue of the cinematic potential of some prosaic expressionistic works written by L. Andreev. In β€œThe Letters On Theatre” (1912-1913) the writer expressed his views on the problems of interaction between theatre, cinema and literature, emphasized the great role of cinematograph and predicted the phenomenon of the film script. Moreover, his close collaboration with the domestic cinema producers had influenced the poetics of his artistic works and therefore provoked future multiple screening of them. Despite the fact that all film scripts made by L. Andreev were based only on his dramas, the majority of film directors turned to his prose for screening - eager to find cinematic equivalents and analogies to his expressionist style. The primary subjects of the paper are film adaptations of Andreev’s literary legacy and the patterns of intermediality used by film directors to embody their interpretations of the original texts

    High-frequency waves in the solar coronal plasma

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    We derived numerical solutions of a dispersion equation in order to analyze the effect of finite plasma temperature on the high-frequency wave dispersion characteristics in conditions of hot magnetized plasma in the solar corona. Spectra of the high-frequency eigen modes of these plasma were determined in conditions when the electron gyrofrequency is lower than the plasma one and when the eigen modes frequencies are higher than the electron gyrofrequency. The longitudinal wave mode is shown to turn to the Z-mode at refractive index n<1n < 1. At refractive index n≫1n \gg 1, the longitudinal wave frequency increases when n grows, and these waves go to strongly damped ones with an anomalous dispersion. We interpret some spectral features of type II and IV radio bursts in the solar corona.

    High-frequency waves in solar and stellar coronae

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    On the basis of a numerical solution of dispersion equation we analyze characteristics of low-damping high-frequency waves in hot magnetized solar and stellar coronal plasmas in conditions when the electron gyrofrequency is equal or higher than the electron plasma frequency. It is shown that branches that correspond to Z-mode and ordinary waves approach each other when the magnetic field increases and become practically indistinguishable in a broad region of frequencies at all angles between the wave vector and the magnetic field. At angles between the wave vector and the magnetic field close toΒ 90\degr, a wave branch with an anomalous dispersion may occur. On the basis of the obtained results we suggest a new interpretation of such events in solar and stellar radio emission as broadband pulsations and spikes

    Polarization changes in solar radio emission caused by scattering from high-frequency plasma turbulence

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    This paper deals with the scattering of electromagnetic radiation during propagation through a plasma layer with developed Langmuir turbulence. The ordinary component is slightly lowered, while the extraordinary component undergoes the most effective scattering. This leads to a change in the polarization characteristics of the original radiation, namely: the extraordinarily polarized emission can undergo a substantial decrease and even the polarization sign can be changed. AsΒ aΒ consequence the radiation increases its polarization degree in the ordinary mode.
We performed calculations of the polarization of the radio emission propagating through a layer of turbulent plasma and examined the complex event that occurred on July 14, 2000; specifically, this event showed long-lasting emissions and the polarization varied both in time and in frequency range. Assuming that the variation of the polarization degree during the lifetime of the phenomenon is determined by the scattering from Langmuir turbulence, we obtained an estimate of the level of turbulence and of the magnetic field intensity in the emission region
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