A one-pot two-step synthesis of tertiary alcohols combining the biocatalytic laccase/TEMPO oxidation system with organolithium reagents in aerobic aqueous media at room temperature

The one-pot/two-step combination of enzymes and polar organometallic chemistry in aqueous media is for the first time presented as a proof-of-concept study. The unprecedented combination of the catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols by the system laccase/TEMPO with the ultrafast addition (3 s reaction time) of polar organometallic reagents (RLi/RMgX) to thein situformed ketones, run under air at room temperature, allows the straightforward and chemoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols with broad substrate scope and excellent conversions (up to 96%)

Progresso e mimesis: ideias políticas, imitação e desenvolvimento Progress and mimesis: political ideas, imitation, and development

A ciência política comparativa vinha ignorando o papel central que ideias e modelos políticos têm na criação e no desenvolvimento das instituições. Com o colapso do bloco soviético e o fervor intelectual que acompanhou esse evento, criou-se uma abertura pela qual os efeitos do pensamento político passaram a ser vistos como importantes. Articuladas por pensadores políticos, as ideias dirigem ações, refletem entendimentos dominantes entre as elites sobre a realidade ou fornecem uma base para a crítica desses entendimentos. Nesse sentido, seu estudo pode revelar alguns aspectos do esforço de constituição de um regime. Este artigo sugere uma forma de abordar o problema: examinar como as ideias são adotadas, adaptadas e assimiladas pelos atores políticos.<br>Comparative political science has ignored the central role that political ideas and models have on the creation and development of institutions. With the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the intellectual fervor that accompanied this event, possibilities of paying attention to the effects of political thought grew. Articulated by political thinkers, ideas direct actions, reflect dominant understandings among elites on the truth or provide a basis for criticism of these understandings. In this sense, their study may reveal some aspects of the effort to set up a regime. This article suggests an approach to the problem: focusing on how ideas are adopted, adapted and supported by the political actors