Hydrodynamic modelling and the dispersion of water fecal contaminants in current and future climates

10 p.International audienceDuring precipitation events in regions with combined sewers, overflows can occur upstream of drinking water treatment plants. The purpose of the research was to model the transport and propagation of pathogens and pharmaceuticals in the Rivière Des Prairies during flood and low flow events. The water quality is quantified in terms of the behaviour of the river, the interactions of contaminants with the environment and the impacts of climate change. Hydrosim was used for hydrodynamic modeling; Dispersim was used to model the dispersion of contaminants. The impact of climate change was represented by the change of flow in the river. To do so, simulations were performed using Hydrotel, a hydrologic model applied to the Ottawa River. Thus, the impact of dispersion and diffusion of contaminants on the water quality were analyzed to determine the potential impact on raw water quality. Water quality will be affected by lower flows and heavy rains, which will change the frequency distributions of fecal contaminants upon which microbial risk models are based

Fully human IgG and IgM antibodies directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Gold 4 epitope and designed for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of colorectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are needed for colon cancer radioimmunotherapy (RIT) to allow for repeated injections. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) being the reference antigen for immunotargeting of these tumors, we developed human anti-CEA MAbs. METHODS: XenoMouse(®)-G2 animals were immunized with CEA. Among all the antibodies produced, two of them, VG-IgG2κ and VG-IgM, were selected for characterization in vitro in comparison with the human-mouse chimeric anti-CEA MAb X4 using flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance, and binding to radiolabeled soluble CEA and in vivo in human colon carcinoma LS174T bearing nude mice. RESULTS: Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated binding of MAbs on CEA-expressing cells without any binding on NCA-expressing human granulocytes. In a competitive binding assay using five reference MAbs, directed against the five Gold CEA epitopes, VG-IgG2κ and VG-IgM were shown to be directed against the Gold 4 epitope. The affinities of purified VG-IgG2κ and VG-IgM were determined to be 0.19 ± 0.06 × 10(8 )M(-1 )and 1.30 ± 0.06 × 10(8 )M(-1), respectively, as compared with 0.61 ± 0.05 × 10(8 )M(-1 )for the reference MAb X4. In a soluble phase assay, the binding capacities of VG-IgG2κ and VG-IgM to soluble CEA were clearly lower than that of the control chimeric MAb X4. A human MAb concentration of about 10(-7 )M was needed to precipitate approximatively 1 ng (125)I-rhCEA as compared with 10(-9 )M for MAb X4, suggesting a preferential binding of the human MAbs to solid phase CEA. In vivo, 24 h post-injection, (125)I-VG-IgG2κ demonstrated a high tumor uptake (25.4 ± 7.3%ID/g), close to that of (131)I-X4 (21.7 ± 7.2%ID/g). At 72 h post-injection, (125)I-VG-IgG2κ was still concentrated in the tumor (28.4 ± 11.0%ID/g) whereas the tumor concentration of (131)I-X4 was significantly reduced (12.5 ± 4.8%ID/g). At no time after injection was there any accumulation of the radiolabeled MAbs in normal tissues. A pertinent analysis of VG-IgM biodistribution was not possible in this mouse model in which IgM displays a very short half-life due to poly-Ig receptor expression in the liver. CONCLUSION: Our human anti-CEA IgG2κ is a promising candidate for radioimmunotherapy in intact form, as F(ab')(2 )fragments, or as a bispecific antibody

Nouveautés dans les facteurs histopronostiques des cancers du sein

The pathological analysis of a breast cancer requires a thorough macroscopic and histological examination to assess the conventional prognostic factors of size, type, grade and a careful search of vascular invasions and of lymph node infiltration. Additional immunostainings are useful to determine the estradiol and progesterone receptors content of the tumour, as well as its HER2 status and its proliferating index. E-cadherin and subtypes of cytokeratin immunostainings may help in difficult cases to precise the histological type of the tumour. A selection of new prognostic factors is also presented. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Contribution of Mri for Monitoring Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Management of Breast Cancer

In the management of breast neoplasms, two breast MR examinations are performed, one before initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and one at the end. However, a third MR exam may be performed between two courses of chemotherapy in order to assess tumor response to treatment. The assessment criterion currently used is measurement of tumor diameter according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) and WHO. But according to the preliminary results of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network protocol, using measurement of tumor volume as a reference may be valuable. Larger series are therefore necessary to estimate the value of diffusion MR, spectroscopy and diffusion studies

Breast tuberculosis imaging.

We report unusual magnetic resonance images of breast tuberculosis before and after treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging may assess the efficiency of treatment of breast tuberculosis

Contribution of sonoelastography to the characterization of breast lesions

We evaluate the performances of sonoelastography in the characterization of breast nodules with histologic correlation. Elastosonography was performed immediately after mode B sonography in 59 patients (65 nodules) by two radiologists, independently. All sequences of elastosonography were recorded. An intra and inter -observers correlation was calculated. Each nodule was classified with BI-RADS lexicon and with Ueno elastography classification. The scores 1-3 were considered as benign and 4-5 as malignant. A cytologic/histologic diagnosis was available for all nodules. At histology, 16 nodules were malignant and 49 nodules were benign. The intra and inter-observer correlations of elastosonography were excellent. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of sonoelastography were 87.5%, 98%, 93.3%, 96%, respectively comparing with 100%, 93.9%, 84%, 100% of Mode B sonography. Thus, 95% (36/38 nodules) of BI-RADS 3 nodules were reclassified score 2 or 1 with elastosonography, decreasing the rates of fine needle aspiration and short-term follow-up. Elastosonography is a simple, rapid and complementary method to mode B sonography that can improve the specificity in the characterization of breast nodules and the management of BI-RADS 3 nodules, leading to a decrease of false-positive and short term follow-up rates

Mastopathie diabétique

Mastopathie diabétiqu

Fibroadenoma: can fine needle aspiration biopsy avoid short term follow-up?

OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can avoid close monitoring, a source of worry for women patients with a suspected fibroadenoma found by ultrasound, and requiring their compliance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over 39months, 427 nodules with a diagnosis of fibroadenoma were sampled in 372 patients using ultrasound-guided FNAB. The sonographic appearance of all the nodules suggested BI-RADS category 3 fibroadenomas. The mean size of the fibroadenomas was 9mm. The mean duration of follow-up was 29.7months. RESULTS: Seven nodules had atypical cytology: a microbiopsy and/or excision found a simple fibroadenoma (n=3), mastitis (n=1), a fibroadenoma associated with a papilloma (n=1), fibrosis (n=1) and normal tissue (n=1). Seven other nodules were resected during treatment for synchronous cancer, and were diagnosed as fibroadenomas. Two hundred and seventy-six nodules were followed-up (121 patients were lost to follow-up [n=132]) and the appearance of 263 nodules (95.29%) was stable. Seven nodules, which had increased in size, underwent another FNAB or microbiopsy or surgery. Five nodules were not found again. The borders of one nodule showed modifications. CONCLUSION: The use of fine needle aspiration biopsy, interpreted by an experienced cytologist, means that short term follow-up of fibroadenomas can be avoided

Papillomatose juvénile mammaire

The authors report a patient with juvenile papillomatosis of the breast presenting with a palpable mass and illustrate the correlation between mammographic, sonographic and pathologic features