3 research outputs found
De la recherche Ă la technique
La recherche technique ne trouve de sens que lorsquâelle sâinscrit dans des logiques Ă moyen et long termes. Les acteurs qui participent Ă son Ă©mancipation sont nombreux. Mais câest la capacitĂ© de ces derniers Ă coordonner leurs actions qui lui garantit sa rĂ©elle mise en application. PlacĂ©e au cĆur des processus productifs, elle force lâĂtat et les industriels Ă se mettre sur le mĂȘme plan dâaction. Miroir de notre sociĂ©tĂ© et de nos pratiques Ă©conomiques et sociales, lâautomobile de la seconde moitiĂ© du xxe siĂšcle offre la possibilitĂ© dâĂ©tudier les relations qui se sont institutionnalisĂ©es entre les industriels et lâĂtat. Cela a abouti Ă un modĂšle dâorganisation travaillant au service de la recherche technique. La complexitĂ© des contextes Ă©conomiques et politiques nous amĂšne Ă mettre en lumiĂšre des problĂ©matiques qui dĂ©passent simplement le cadre de la technique et de lâinnovation dans lâindustrie automobile. Ce travail doit permettre dâouvrir un champ dâĂ©tudes encore trop peu explorĂ©, qui peut sans aucun doute sâĂ©tendre Ă dâautres secteurs industriels.Industrial research is only efficient when managed on mid and long terms. A wide range of actors is taking part to its implementation. But its realization is highly depending on the actorsâ ability to coordinate. As being central to processes of production, industrial research leads the State and the entrepreneurs to act at the same level. Because it mirrors society and economic and social practices, XXth century automobile industry provides the opportunity to study how relationships between the State and the entrepreneurs were institutionalised. This has fostered a business model that gives incentives to industrial research. The complexity of economic and political contexts leads us to highlight questions far beyond technology and innovation in the automobile industry. Such a study can open a research field that is still under explored, and that may extend to other industrial sectors
Union of technical car and cycle : an other car history
Les entreprises et lâĂtat sont des acteurs majeurs de lâindustrie automobile. Mais il y a dâautres formes dâorganisations jouent un rĂŽle qui est parfois sous-Ă©valuĂ©. Lâautomobile Ă©tant un secteur en perpĂ©tuelle Ă©volution, lâhistoire permet de mieux comprendre les relations qui sây construisent Ă des moments charniĂšres et qui sâenracinent dans le temps. Cette recherche doit permettre de mesurer lâimportance de lâUnion technique de lâautomobile et du cycle dans lâĂ©volution de ce milieu depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale jusquâaux annĂ©es 1980. En effet, câest au cours de ces annĂ©es que cette branche dâactivitĂ© connaĂźt ses transformations les plus importantes. Tout en rĂ©vĂ©lant les conditions de crĂ©ations de lâorganisme, cette Ă©tude sâattache Ă©galement Ă rĂ©vĂ©ler le rapport entre les ambitions du centre technique et la rĂ©alitĂ© Ă©conomique et industrielle dâun secteur en perpĂ©tuelle mutation. Fruit du dirigisme vichyste, et finalement organe des constructeurs privĂ©s, lâUTAC est aussi un miroir de la transformation matĂ©rielle de lâautomobile au cours de la seconde moitiĂ© du vingtiĂšme siĂšcle. Alors quâelle doit permettre Ă lâĂtat dâexercer un contrĂŽle sur les entreprises du secteur automobile, elle finit par devenir un instrument des constructeurs privĂ©s. Dâorganisme de recherche, elle est progressivement dirigĂ©e vers les missions dâhomologation et de normalisation. Si lâUTAC est un miroir du dĂ©placement des enjeux du secteur automobile, son histoire amĂšne un regard neuf sur lâautomobile française dâaprĂšs-guerre, particuliĂšrement dans son approche technique. Cette thĂšse veut rĂ©soudre lâambiguĂŻtĂ© de la dĂ©finition de cet organisme pour mettre en lumiĂšre la complexitĂ© des relations Ă©conomiques et industrielles au sein du monde automobile.Firms and governments are main actors in car industry. But other organizations play a role sometimes underestimated. As Car sector evolves all the time, history allows us a better understanding of the relations that are built at important stages and that tend to last in time. This research aims to measure the value of the French organism: Cycle and Car Technical Union during the evolution of the economic era, since the end of second World War to the eighties. Itâs definitely during this period that this activity branch has known the most important transformations. While highlighting the genesis of the organism, our reflection is bringing to attention how technical ambitions is dealing with industrial and economic reality of a sector that evolves constantly. Born from Vichy government will to organize this economic sector to, his use as a tool by the private sector, the âUTACâ remains a real car transformations mirror during the second part of the twentieth century. Besides she has a state mission of control over car sector firms, this body ends as an instrument for private constructors. From organism and research, she has, step by step, mutate into ratification and standardization missions. Considering UTAC as a mirror of the evolution of the stakes of car sector , his history brings us to a new point of view on French after War car economic sector, and in particular on a technical angle. Our reflection puzzle throught the ambiguity of this organism structure to have a closer look into the complexity of industrials and economic relations that occurs in car sector