120kev Ar8+-li Collisions Studied By Near Uv And Visible Photon Spectroscopy

A spectroscopic analysis of light emitted in the 200-600 nm wavelength range by Ar7+, Ar6+ and Ar5+ ions after charge exchange in 120keV Ar8+-Li collisions is performed. Transitions with Δn = 1 and Δn = 2 for n = 8, 9, 10 and 11 states of Ar8 following single electron capture are identified and the production cross sections for n = 8 and n = 9 are deduced from emission cross sections and compared with those calculated by the three-body classical trajectory Monte-Carlo method. Lines due to double capture process were observed and identified as Rydberg transitions 3snl-3sn\u27l\u27 (n = 7, 8 and 9) in Ar VII. Lines due to triple electron capture process were found and identified as transitions 3s2nl-3s2n\u27ï and 3s3pnl- 3s3pril\u27(n = 7, 8) in Ar VI. The configurations produced during the collision provides evidence that electron-electron interaction play an important role in double and triple charge exchange processes. © 1993 IOP Publishing Ltd

Ion source developments for stable and radioactive ion beams at GANIL

Since now many years, the Ganil ion source team has in charge to develop ion sources with three main purposes. The first one concerns the radioactive ion production that implies high efficiency ion sources as the amount of created exotic atoms is very low (between 10 to 108 particle per second). The second one deals with high intensities of stable metallic ion beams for the injectors of the accelerator while the last one tries to increase the intensities of very high charge state ion beams for atomic physic. Concerning radioactive ion production, the recent results obtained, in collaboration with the ISN Grenoble group, with the 1+/n+ method drove us to develop a new concept of ecr ion source for monocharged ion production. The results of the first tests of this source will be given. This new idea for the construction of ecr ion source can be applied to multicharged ion production. Concerning the high charge state ion beam production, a new source called SUPERSHYPIE has been built that allow to increase by a factor 2 the length of the plasma of an ECR4M source. This new concept has just been started and has produced arround 50 nAe of Ar17+ . The first results of this new source will be presented. Concerning the developments of metallic ion beams, a separated poster will be presented at this workshop

Quality Indicators for Colonoscopy Procedures: A Prospective Multicentre Method for Endoscopy Units

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Healthcare professionals are required to conduct quality control of endoscopy procedures, and yet there is no standardised method for assessing quality. The topic of the present study was to validate the applicability of the procedure in daily practice, giving physicians the ability to define areas for continuous quality improvement. METHODS: In ten endoscopy units in France, 200 patients per centre undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled in the study. An evaluation was carried out based on a prospectively developed checklist of 10 quality-control indicators including five dependent upon and five independent of the colonoscopy procedure. RESULTS: Of the 2000 procedures, 30% were done at general hospitals, 20% at university hospitals, and 50% in private practices. The colonoscopies were carried out for a valid indication for 95.9% (range 92.5-100). Colon preparation was insufficient in 3.7% (range 1-10.5). Colonoscopies were successful in 95.3% (range 81-99). Adenoma detection rate was 0.31 (range 0.17-0.45) in successful colonoscopies. CONCLUSION: This tool for evaluating the quality of colonoscopy procedures in healthcare units is based on standard endoscopy and patient criteria. It is an easy and feasible procedure giving the ability to detect suboptimal practice and differences between endoscopy-units. It will enable individual units to assess the quality of their colonoscopy techniques

METALLIC ION DEVELOPMENTS AT GANIL

Radioactive ion beams (RIB) are routinely produced at GANIL by fragmentation of the projectile. A possible way to improve the RIB intensity is to increase the primary beam intensity impinging the target. Although high intensities can be obtained with an ECR ion source for gaseous elements, it is more difficult for metallic elements due to the poor ionization efficiency of the source. This report deals with metallic ion beam production at high intensity. Experimental results for Ca, Ni and Fe are presented. The oven and the MIVOC methods are compared

Learning and Educational Programs for Entrepreneurs

This chapter summarizes the latest studies in entrepreneurial learning in order to highlight their implications for the design of educational programs (Pittaway & Thorpe, 2012). It examines in detail the latest thinking on the subject, summarizes the key concepts and empirical contributions with a particular focus on expanding understanding of ‘situated’, social and contextual learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991). The chapter stems from Pittaway and Thorpe’s (2012: 850) summary of Cope’s framework. Here it highlights critical concepts, such as dynamic temporal phases, forms and characteristics of learning (Cope, 2010) and lays out the underlying principles of each concept. Following this initial framework recent contributions to the subject of entrepreneurial learning, both conceptual and empirical, are presented to provide an up-to-date picture of thinking in the field. The latter part of the chapter highlights implications of current thinking on the design of development programs for entrepreneurs. It focuses on how concepts in this field can be used to enhance efforts to consider, design and deliver educational programs for entrepreneurs. A number of forms of educational practice are recommended based on this analysis. The chapter closes by considering future developments and lines of inquiry in entrepreneurial learnin

Exploring the role of individual level and firm level dynamic capabilities in SMEs’ internationalization

This paper presents a multi-level model that examines the impact of dynamic capabilities on the internationalization of SMEs while taking into account the interactions among them. The purpose of the research is to understand the applicability of dynamic capabilities at the individual and the firm level to the SME internationalization process in developing country context and to assess to what extent a firm’s asset position and individual level dynamic capabilities influence the generation of firm level dynamic capabilities in SMEs. First, the dynamic capabilities theory was theoretically linked to the internationalization phenomenon. The relationships among firm-level dynamic capabilities, individual-level dynamic capabilities (owner specific dynamic capabilities), and internationalization were identified. The research framework and hypotheses were developed and empirically tested with 197 SMEs. The findings established that owner-specific dynamic capabilities have a positive influence on both firm dynamic capabilities and internationalization, and firm dynamic capabilities positively influence internationalization. It was also found that the market assets position measured as perceptual environmental dynamism positively influenced firm dynamic capabilities but structural and reputational asset positions of SMEs did not influence generation of firm dynamic capabilities. Moreover, firm dynamic capabilities had a mediation effect in the relationship between owner-specific dynamic capabilities and internationalization. Theoretically, this confirms the relevance of dynamic capability theory to internationalization and the possibility of integrating existing internationalization theories. Entrepreneurs, SME managers, and policy-makers could gain valuable insights on how entrepreneur and firm capabilities lead to better international prospects from this outcome

STRUCTURE HYPERFINE DU NIVEAU 61P1 DES ISOTOPES 199Hg ET 201Hg. FACTEUR DE LANDE DE CE NIVEAU

On utilise les croisements entre sous niveaux Zeeman hyperfins du niveau 6s 6p1P1 des isotopes 199Hg et 201Hg pour mesurer les rapports (A/gJ)199 = - 3 531,3 ± 2,8 MHz et (A/gJ)201 = 1 307,2 ± 1 MHz de la constante de structure hyperfine A au facteur de Landé du niveau. Utilisant les récentes valeurs de A mesurées par spectroscopie interférentielle, on calcule g1P1 = 1,015 7 ± 0,003 5 avec les résultats obtenus sur 199Hg et g1P1 = 1,011 3 ± 0,005 3 avec ceux obtenus sur201Hg.Using level crossing techniques on the 6s 6p1P1 level of 199Hg and201Hg we measure (A/gJ)199 = - 3 531.3 ± 2.8 MHz and (A/gJ)201 = 1 307.2 ± 1 MHz where A is the hyperfine structure constant for each isotope and gJ the Lande factor of the level. A199 and A201 have been measured recently by optical methods with a good accuracy and we compute g1P1 = 1.015 7 ± 0.003 5 from the experiments o n199Hg and g1P1 = 1.011 3 ± 0.005 3 from201Hg

Effet de la dispersion anormale sur les formes des courbes d'effet Hanle. Étude du cas de la raie 1850 Å du mercure

When the lifetime of the 61P1 level of the mercury atom is measured by the Hanle effect method (zero field level crossing), anomalous Hanle effect line shapes are observed. The phenomenon is attributed to the dispersion by mercury atoms of the optical resonance radiation emitted in the direction of the magnetic field (Faraday effect).Des courbes d'effet Hanle anormales ont été observées dans l'étude du niveau 61P1 du mercure. Nous étudions ici ces anomalies observées et nous interprétons ce phénomène en calculant l'effet de la dispersion de la lumière de résonance optique par les atomes de mercure, dans la direction du champ magnétique (effet Faraday)

Durée de vie du niveau 61P1 du mercure. Étude de la diffusion multiple cohérente de la lumière de résonance optique à 1 850 Å

The magnetic depolarization (Hanle effect or zero field level crossing) of the optical résonance radiation 61S0-6 1P1 of mercury (1 850 Å) is used to measure the apparent lifetime (cohérence time) of the 61P1 level as a function of the density of atoms in the résonance cell. The results are compared with the theory of cohérence narrowing (coherent light trapping). The limit value of the coherence time for a very small density of atoms, which is the true lifetime of the 61P1 level of mercury, is τ = (1.36 ± 0.05) 10-9 s.Par dépolarisation magnétique (effet Hanle) de la lumière de résonance optique de la transition 61S0-61P 1 du mercure (1 850 Å), on mesure la durée de vie apparente (durée de cohérence) du niveau 61P1 en fonction de la densité d'atomes de mercure dans la cellule de résonance. On compare les résultats obtenus avec la théorie de la diffusion multiple cohérente. La limite de la durée de cohérence pour une densité d'atomes très faible égale à la durée de vie du niveau 61P1 du mercure est π = (1,36 ± 0,05) 10-9 s