1,567 research outputs found
On an Extension Problem for Density Matrices
We investigate the problem of the existence of a density matrix rho on the
product of three Hilbert spaces with given marginals on the pair (1,2) and the
pair (2,3). While we do not solve this problem completely we offer partial
results in the form of some necessary and some sufficient conditions on the two
marginals. The quantum case differs markedly from the classical (commutative)
case, where the obvious necessary compatibility condition suffices, namely,
trace_1 (rho_{12}) = \trace_3 (rho_{23}).Comment: 12 pages late
Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City of Detroit {304 N.W.2d 455 (Mich.)}: Economic Instability, Relativism, and the Eminent Domain Public Use Limitation
The promoter of the human interleukin-2 gene contains two octamer-binding sites and is partially activated by the expression of Oct-2
The gene encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) contains a sequence 52 to 326 nucleotides upstream of its transcriptional initiation site that promotes transcription in T cells that have been activated by costimulation with tetradecanoyl phorbol myristyl acetate (TPA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We found that the ubiquitous transcription factor, Oct-1, bound to two previously identified motifs within the human IL-2 enhancer, centered at nucleotides -74 and -251. Each site in the IL-2 enhancer that bound Oct-1 in vitro was also required to achieve a maximal transcriptional response to TPA plus PHA in vivo. Point mutations within either the proximal or distal octamer sequences reduced the response of the enhancer to activation by 54 and 34%, respectively. Because the murine T-cell line EL4 constitutively expresses Oct-2 and requires only TPA to induce transcription of the IL-2 gene, the effect of Oct-2 expression on activation of the IL-2 promoter in Jurkat T cells was determined. Expression of Oct-2 potentiated transcription 13-fold in response to TPA plus PHA and permitted the enhancer to respond to the single stimulus of TPA. Therefore, both the signal requirements and the magnitude of the transcription response of the IL-2 promoter can be modulated by Oct-2
Percolation in the Harmonic Crystal and Voter Model in three dimensions
We investigate the site percolation transition in two strongly correlated
systems in three dimensions: the massless harmonic crystal and the voter model.
In the first case we start with a Gibbs measure for the potential,
, , and , a scalar height variable, and define
occupation variables for . The probability
of a site being occupied, is then a function of . In the voter model we
consider the stationary measure, in which each site is either occupied or
empty, with probability . In both cases the truncated pair correlation of
the occupation variables, , decays asymptotically like .
Using some novel Monte Carlo simulation methods and finite size scaling we find
accurate values of as well as the critical exponents for these systems.
The latter are different from that of independent percolation in , as
expected from the work of Weinrib and Halperin [WH] for the percolation
transition of systems with [A. Weinrib and B. Halperin,
Phys. Rev. B 27, 413 (1983)]. In particular the correlation length exponent
is very close to the predicted value of 2 supporting the conjecture by WH
that is exact.Comment: 8 figures. new version significantly different from the old one,
includes new results, figures et
A Fresh Look at Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
This paper is a non-technical, informal presentation of our theory of the
second law of thermodynamics as a law that is independent of statistical
mechanics and that is derivable solely from certain simple assumptions about
adiabatic processes for macroscopic systems. It is not necessary to assume
a-priori concepts such as "heat", "hot and cold", "temperature". These are
derivable from entropy, whose existence we derive from the basic assumptions.
See cond-mat/9708200 and math-ph/9805005.Comment: LaTex file. To appear in the April 2000 issue of PHYSICS TODA
The Effect Of Microscopic Correlations On The Information Geometric Complexity Of Gaussian Statistical Models
We present an analytical computation of the asymptotic temporal behavior of
the information geometric complexity (IGC) of finite-dimensional Gaussian
statistical manifolds in the presence of microcorrelations (correlations
between microvariables). We observe a power law decay of the IGC at a rate
determined by the correlation coefficient. It is found that microcorrelations
lead to the emergence of an asymptotic information geometric compression of the
statistical macrostates explored by the system at a faster rate than that
observed in absence of microcorrelations. This finding uncovers an important
connection between (micro)-correlations and (macro)-complexity in Gaussian
statistical dynamical systems.Comment: 12 pages; article in press, Physica A (2010)
Location of the Lee-Yang zeros and absence of phase transitions in some Ising spin systems
We consider a class of Ising spin systems on a set \Lambda of sites. The
sites are grouped into units with the property that each site belongs to either
one or two units, and the total internal energy of the system is the sum of the
energies of the individual units, which in turn depend only on the number of up
spins in the unit. We show that under suitable conditions on these interactions
none of the |\Lambda| Lee-Yang zeros in the complex z = exp{2\beta h} plane,
where \beta is the inverse temperature and h the uniform magnetic field, touch
the positive real axis, at least for large values of \beta. In some cases one
obtains, in an appropriately taken \beta to infinity limit, a gas of hard
objects on a set \Lambda'; the fugacity for the limiting system is a rescaling
of z and the Lee-Yang zeros of the new partition function also avoid the
positive real axis. For certain forms of the energies of the individual units
the Lee-Yang zeros of both the finite- and zero-temperature systems lie on the
negative real axis for all \beta. One zero-temperature limit of this type, for
example, is a monomer-dimer system; our results thus generalize, to finite
\beta, a well-known result of Heilmann and Lieb that the Lee-Yang zeros of
monomer-dimer systems are real and negative.Comment: Plain TeX. Seventeen pages, five figures from .eps files. Version 2
corrects minor errors in version
Partially ordered models
We provide a formal definition and study the basic properties of partially
ordered chains (POC). These systems were proposed to model textures in image
processing and to represent independence relations between random variables in
statistics (in the later case they are known as Bayesian networks). Our chains
are a generalization of probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) and their theory
has features intermediate between that of discrete-time processes and the
theory of statistical mechanical lattice fields. Its proper definition is based
on the notion of partially ordered specification (POS), in close analogy to the
theory of Gibbs measure. This paper contains two types of results. First, we
present the basic elements of the general theory of POCs: basic geometrical
issues, definition in terms of conditional probability kernels, extremal
decomposition, extremality and triviality, reconstruction starting from
single-site kernels, relations between POM and Gibbs fields. Second, we prove
three uniqueness criteria that correspond to the criteria known as bounded
uniformity, Dobrushin and disagreement percolation in the theory of Gibbs
measures.Comment: 54 pages, 11 figures, 6 simulations. Submited to Journal of Stat.
Phy
Modulated phases of a 1D sharp interface model in a magnetic field
We investigate the ground states of 1D continuum models having short-range
ferromagnetic type interactions and a wide class of competing longer-range
antiferromagnetic type interactions. The model is defined in terms of an energy
functional, which can be thought of as the Hamiltonian of a coarse-grained
microscopic system or as a mesoscopic free energy functional describing various
materials. We prove that the ground state is simple periodic whatever the
prescribed total magnetization might be. Previous studies of this model of
frustrated systems assumed this simple periodicity but, as in many examples in
condensed matter physics, it is neither obvious nor always true that ground
states do not have a more complicated, or even chaotic structure.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Pattern formation in systems with competing interactions
There is a growing interest, inspired by advances in technology, in the low
temperature physics of thin films. These quasi-2D systems show a wide range of
ordering effects including formation of striped states, reorientation
transitions, bubble formation in strong magnetic fields, etc. The origins of
these phenomena are, in many cases, traced to competition between short ranged
exchange ferromagnetic interactions, favoring a homogeneous ordered state, and
the long ranged dipole-dipole interaction, which opposes such ordering on the
scale of the whole sample. The present theoretical understanding of these
phenomena is based on a combination of variational methods and a variety of
approximations, e.g., mean-field and spin-wave theory. The comparison between
the predictions of these approximate methods and the results of MonteCarlo
simulations are often difficult because of the slow relaxation dynamics
associated with the long-range nature of the dipole-dipole interactions. In
this note we will review recent work where we prove existence of periodic
structures in some lattice and continuum model systems with competing
interactions. The continuum models have also been used to describe
micromagnets, diblock polymers, etc.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the AIP conference proceedings of
the 10th Granada Seminar on Computational Physics, Sept. 15-19, 2008. (v2)
Updated reference
- …