Effects of membrane alterations on bacterial retention

The study shows the respective roles of skin and support of an ultrafiltration membrane in the retention mechanisms of bacteria (Escherichia coli). For this, pinholes defects of 5–200 μm in diameter were performed through ultrafiltration polymeric membranes and their impact was assessed on bacterialretention in a stirred cell when the transmembrane pressure is set at 0.5 bars. Various techniques have been used to make the defects such as a microhardness tester or femtosecond lasers. As long as the selective skin is not altered through its whole thickness, the membrane keeps a retention efficiency equivalent to the one of an uncompromised membrane. The retention by the macroporous support is also investigated. In case of membrane with defects of cylindrical geometry, experimental results are compared to calculated data obtained with a pore flow model, and the validity of this model is discussed

Produire des abricots biologiques: nouvelles variétés prometteuses!

Depuis 2016, Agroscope et le FiBL mènent le projet «produire des abricots biologiques». Deux variétés lancées cette année, Lisa et Mia, offrent déjà des possibilités en bio

Die Produktion von Bioaprikosen kommt voran

Mit einer Neuausrichtung des Anbaus mit robusten Sorten und Unterlagen, aber auch mit Witterungsschutzsystemen dürfte die Bioaprikosen-Produktion in Zukunft deutlich ertragssicherer werden

Potable water production by membrane processes: membrane characterization using a series of bacterial strains

The aim of this study was to develop a method for characterizing membranes (ultrafiltration and microfiltration) used in drinking water production. The method accounts for the specific behaviour of microorganisms during filtration, namely their deformation under mechanical stress. The leaks of microorganisms are linked to the presence of a small number of defects or abnormally large pores in the membrane structure. Assuming that the defects are cylindrical capillaries, the range of pore diameters concerned by the method lies between 0.05 and 1.2mm

Role of the cell-wall structure in the retention of bacteria by microfiltration membranes

This experimental study investigates the retention of bacteria by porous membranes. The transfer of bacteria larger than the nominal pore size of microfiltration track-etched membranes has been studied for several kinds of bacterial strains. This unexpected transfer does not correlate to the hydrophobicity,neither to the surface charge of the microorganism, as suggested in previous reports. We conclude that,in our conditions, the kind of bacteria (Gram-positive or Gram-negative) is finally the most important parameter. As the distinction between those two types of bacteria is related to the cell-wall structure, we provide an experimental evidence, via the action of an antibiotic, that the cell-wall flexibility triggers the transfer of the bacteria through artificial membranes, when the pores are smaller in size than the cell

Standing up for Standing Rock: Environmental Racism in Modern America

In this essay, I explore the implications of environmental racism among our national and global neighbors

Trademark Modernization Act and the Codification of the Presumption of Irreparable Harm

This Note analyzes injunctive relief for trademark cases. Specifically, this Note conducts an overview of the presumption of irreparable harm, as commonly applied throughout many of the Circuit Courts. This Note then transitions into the changes to the presumption of irreparable harm and how courts decided to grant injunctive relief after the Supreme Court’s decision in eBay v. MercExchange. The Note then dives into the Trademark Modernization Act of 2020, which codified the presumption of irreparable harm, and early court decisions interpreting the codified presumption. Following this background, this Note argues that Congress correctly decided to pass the Trademark Modernization Act of 2020 and that the Act will have a positive impact on trademark injunctions for years to come

La production suisse d’abricots bio progresse

Une réorientation des cultures bio d’abricotiers basée sur des variétés et des portegreffes robustes, voire des systèmes de protection contre les intempéries dans les régions humides, devrait permettre à l’avenir d’améliorer la sécurité de la production

Organic substances against Monilia laxa on apricot – in-vitro and on-farm experiments

Natural substances against Monilia laxa were onfarm and in-vitro tested. According to on-farm tests, some products reached interesting efficacies. The fluctuation of the year and parcel pressures, makes it difficult to perform the results