Instanton for the Kraichnan Passive Scalar Problem

We consider high-order correlation functions of the passive scalar in the Kraichnan model. Using the instanton formalism we find the scaling exponents $\zeta_n$ of the structure functions $S_n$ for $n\gg1$ under the additional condition $d\zeta_2\gg1$ (where $d$ is the dimensionality of space). At $n<n_c$ (where $n_c = d\zeta_2/[2(2-\zeta_2)]$) the exponents are $\zeta_n=(\zeta_2/4)(2n-n^2/n_c)$, while at $n>n_c$ they are $n$-independent: $\zeta_n=\zeta_2 n_c/4$. We also estimate $n$-dependent factors in $S_n$, particularly their behavior at $n$ close to $n_c$.Comment: 20 pages, RevTe

Theory of the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Transport Bifurcations

The development and time evolution of a transport barrier in a magnetically confined plasma with non-monotonic, nonlinear dependence of the anomalous flux on mean gradients is analyzed. Upon consideration of both the spatial inhomogeneity and the gradient nonlinearity of the transport coefficient, we find that the transition develops as a bifurcation front with radially propagating discontinuity in local gradient. The spatial location of the transport barrier as a function of input flux is calculated. The analysis indicates that for powers slightly above threshold, the barrier location $x_b(t) \sim ( D_n t (P-P_c)/P_c)^{1/2},$ where $P_c$ is the local transition power threshold and $D_n$ is the neoclassical diffusivity . This result suggests a simple explanation of the high disruptivity observed in reversed shear plasmas. The basic conclusions of this theory are insensitive to the details of the local transport model.Comment: 21 page Tex file, 10 postscript file