Uniform Statistical Information Questionnaire: 1975, A Supplementary Report

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_exam/1224/thumbnail.jp

Analysis of Neuronal and Microglial Responses to Implanted Silicon Devices through Immunohistochemistry and CLARITY

Brain computer interfaces (BCI’s) and implantable cortical devices have recently emerged in research as promising treatment methods for a variety of neurological problems such as motor dysfunction, memory loss, and sudden onset seizures. The number of people currently suffering from a loss of nervous system function as a result of neurodegenerative diseases or injury creates a need for reliable neural prostheses. The autoimmune response of the Central Nervous System (CNS) when introduced with a foreign object such as an electrode shank quickly impedes signal strength and degrades the functional life of the device. Two different experimental methods were used to analyze the host tissue responses to implantation with silicon micro-electrodes and micro-wires. In situ device capture histology was used to obtain fluorescent images of neurons and activated microglia in rat and mouse brain slices with an electrode still present. A recent method, CLARITY, was used to obtain images of green fluorescent microglia in un-sectioned mouse brains post mortem. Both methods utilized a laser-equipped inverted confocal microscope to obtain the images. The results show that increasing tissue transparency with CLARITY and two photon imaging can give detailed information about the tissue immune response in an implanted brain. Through comparison to various controls, changes in density, movement, and conformation of neurons and microglia surrounding electrode implants will help increase the understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved and likely be used to identify future targets for research

The Pacific/ North American Teleconnection Pattern and United States Climate. Part I: Regional Temperature and Precipitation Associations

The Pacific/ North American (PNA) teleconnection index, a measure of the strength and phase of the PNA teleconnection pattern, is related to the variations of the surface climate of the United States from 1947 through 1982 for the autumn, winter, and spring months when the PNA is a main mode of Northern Hemisphere mid-tropospheric variability. The results demonstrate that the PNA index is highly correlated with both regional temperature and precipitation. The strongest, most extensive correlations between the index and temperature are observed in winter, but large areas of the country show important associations during the spring and autumn as well. Although the centers of highest correlation migrate systematically with changes in the circumpolar vortex over the course of the annual cycle, the southeastern and northwestern parts of the United States possess consistently high index- temperature correlations. Correlations between the PNA index and precipitation are weaker and less extensive than those for temperature, but large coherent regions of high correlations are observed across the nation. Winter and early spring exhibit the strongest relationships because spatially coherent synoptic-scale systems, related to the long-wave pattern, control precipitation. The late spring and early autumn seasons have the least extensive and weakest correlations due to the importance of less organized smaller-scale convective rainfall events

Uniform Statistical Information Questionnaire : 1980, A Supplementary Report

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_exam/1222/thumbnail.jp

A social-economic study of land development for farm settlement at Butler's

Commissioned by: Commissioner of Crown Lands Department of Lands and Survey, Hokitika.The primary aim of the study is to identify the likely impacts of publicly-funded programmes of land development for farm settlement on the social life and economy of small communities in the West Coast Region. As this is a preliminary, or scoping, type of analysis the investigation focuses on the identification of important issues regarding land development and settlement rather than a definitive assessment of particular impacts. Specifically, the study attempts to identify the key issues of major planning importance for the Butler's development block in Westland County. The proposed Butler's development, a 5427 hectare Lands and Survey Department block located between Ross and Hokitika, is representative of land development opportunities and related issues on the West Coast generally

Climatology of the daily temperature range annual cycle in the United States

Many researchers are presently interested in detecting long-term trends in annual or seasonal daily temperature range (DTR), and attributing these changes to anthropogenic origins. However, very little work has been done to confirm the mechanisms that are important to determining the long-term average annual cycle of the DTR. Therefore, the focus of this work is to examine the spatial and temporal difference in the DTR average annual cycle across the United States, and to associate the patterns of these cycles with potential causal variables. Three major types of DTR annual cycle exist in the United States: high sun season maximum (northern and western U.S.), low sun season maximum (south central and southeast U.S.), and transitional season maxima (middle latitude in the U.S.). The annual cycles of the DTR in the northern and western U.S. are well related to average annual cycles of cloud cover and dew point temperature; only areas to the west of the Rocky Mountains have a strong linkage between DTR and precipitation frequency annual cycles. Across the northern tier of the U.S., the loss of snow cover is important to DTR transitions during the spring season. However, the onset of snow cover in the fall does not appear to be the major factor in DTR variations, which are instead more strongly associated with cloud cover effects. As expected from their sinusoidal annual cycle, maximum and minimum temperature cycles are linearly related to the DTR in regions with a warm season or cold season DTR maximum, while non-linear relationships exist where the DTR annual cycle has maxima in the transition seasons

Caregiver Integration During Discharge Planning for Older Adults to Reduce Resource Use: A Metaanalysis

Objectives To determine the effect of integrating informal caregivers into discharge planning on postdischarge cost and resource use in older adults. Design A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials that examine the effect of discharge planning with caregiver integration begun before discharge on healthcare cost and resource use outcomes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for all English‐language articles published between 1990 and April 2016. Setting Hospital or skilled nursing facility. Participants Older adults with informal caregivers discharged to a community setting. Measurements Readmission rates, length of and time to post‐discharge rehospitalizations, costs of postdischarge care. Results Of 10,715 abstracts identified, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies provided sufficient detail to calculate readmission rates for treatment and control participants. Discharge planning interventions with caregiver integration were associated with a 25% fewer readmissions at 90 days (relative risk (RR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62–0.91) and 24% fewer readmissions at 180 days (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64–0.90). The majority of studies reported statistically significant shorter time to readmission, shorter rehospitalization, and lower costs of postdischarge care among discharge planning interventions with caregiver integration. Conclusion For older adults discharged to a community setting, the integration of caregivers into the discharge planning process reduces the risk of hospital readmission

Complete Genome Sequence of \u3ci\u3eLactobacillus buchneri\u3c/i\u3e NRRL B-30929, a Novel Strain from a Commercial Ethanol Plant

Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 was a contaminant obtained from a commercial ethanol fermentation. This facultative anaerobe is unique because of its rapid growth on xylose and simultaneous fermentation of xylose and glucose. The strain utilizes a broad range of carbohydrate substrates and possesses a high tolerance to ethanol and other stresses, making it an attractive candidate for bioconversion of biomass substrates to various bioproducts. The genome sequence of NRRL B-30929 will provide insight into the unique properties of this lactic acid bacterium