Assessing the sustainability of EU organic and low input dairy farms

The EU funded Sustainable Organic and Low Input Dairy Systems project (SOLID), aims to support the improvement of sustainable production on organic and low input dairy farms. 10 farms in each of 9 countries participated in an initial interview based assessment. The article presents some results from the UK (Ten OMSCo and seven Calon Wen farms), Austria, Finland and Den-mark. Other countries - Romania, Italy, Spain, Greece and the Netherlands - are also involved in the project, but since these countries have very different production systems from the UK they are not covered in this articl

\u27A Civil and Useful Life\u27: Quaker Women, Education and the Development of Professional Identities 1800-1835

Exhorted by George Fox to live a \u27Civil and useful life\u27, educated middle-class Quaker women who did not feel called to undertake a recognised ministerial role within the Religious Society of Friends still used their education and skills to the benefit of the wider community. This article examines the engagement of Quaker women with education by focussing on the work of Mariabella and Rachel Howard (mother and daughter), who were involved in several educational charities between 1800 and 1835. The article seeks to address the irony of two educational campaigners who as non-professional women sought to professionalise the work of women in teaching. Through the use of their journals, letters and published texts, the article explores how they sought to transmit their knowledge and provide a system of training for other women to emulate, particularly those women who wanted to gain employment as professional teachers. In examining the professionalisation of teaching, my work seeks to add to that of Christina de Bellaigue (2001) and Joyce Goodman and Jane Martin (2004) by looking at professionalisation processes in teaching through the lens of Quakerism

Letter Written by Saidee R. Leach to her Son, Navy Ensign Douglas Leach, Dated November 29, 1942

Dear Douglas – We can’t be with you Monday night as we are not leaving until that night on the 11:00 PM Bus, getting in New York at 5:00 AM Tuesday morning. You can call us at the Hotel Chesterfield around noon or 5:30..

Letter Written by Saidee R. Leach to her Son, Navy Ensign Douglas Leach, Dated August 28, 1942

Dear Douglas: I shall have this letter ready so that it can be sent out tonight if we find one waiting from you at home with your new address. Dad will take it when he walks up to the corner after supper for his daily chat with the Ying Brothers. I guess the conversation is about the same every night but both sides seem to enjoy it..

Carnap: an Open Framework for Formal Reasoning in the Browser

This paper presents an overview of Carnap, a free and open framework for the development of formal reasoning applications. Carnap’s design emphasizes flexibility, extensibility, and rapid prototyping. Carnap-based applications are written in Haskell, but can be compiled to JavaScript to run in standard web browsers. This combination of features makes Carnap ideally suited for educational applications, where ease-of-use is crucial for students and adaptability to different teaching strategies and classroom needs is crucial for instructors. The paper describes Carnap’s implementation, along with its current and projected pedagogical applications