1,019 research outputs found
Direct observation of charge inversion by multivalent ions as a universal electrostatic phenomenon
We have directly observed reversal of the polarity of charged surfaces in
water upon the addition of tri- and quadrivalent ions using atomic force
microscopy. The bulk concentration of multivalent ions at which charge
inversion reversibly occurs depends only very weakly on the chemical
composition, surface structure, size and lipophilicity of the ions, but is
dominated by their valence. These results support the theoretical proposal that
spatial correlations between ions are the driving mechanism behind charge
inversion.Comment: submitted to PRL, 26-04-2004 Changed the presentation of the theory
at the end of the paper. Changed small error in estimate of prefactor ("w" in
first version) of equation
Tracking advanced persistent threats in critical infrastructures through opinion dynamics
Advanced persistent threats pose a serious issue for modern industrial environments, due to their targeted and complex attack vectors that are difficult to detect. This is especially severe in critical infrastructures that are accelerating the integration of IT technologies. It is then essential to further develop effective monitoring and response systems that ensure the continuity of business to face the arising set of cyber-security threats. In this paper, we study the practical applicability of a novel technique based on opinion dynamics, that permits to trace the attack throughout all its stages along the network by correlating different anomalies measured over time, thereby taking the persistence of threats and the criticality of resources into consideration. The resulting information is of essential importance to monitor the overall health of the control system and cor- respondingly deploy accurate response procedures. Advanced Persistent Threat Detection Traceability Opinion Dynamics.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Smoke-Free Policy in Vermont Public Housing Authorities
Introduction. Millions of adults and children living in public housing face exposure to second hand smoke from adjacent apartments. These tenants are less able to escape smoke exposure by moving, and Housing Authorities are beginning to implement smoke-free policies. We assessed the status of smoke-free policy in Vermont public housing, and explored the experience of tenants and managers in Burlington who recently implemented such a policy.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1080/thumbnail.jp
Temporally ordered collective creep and dynamic transition in the charge-density-wave conductor NbSe3
We have observed an unusual form of creep at low temperatures in the
charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor NbSe. This creep develops when CDW
motion becomes limited by thermally-activated phase advance past individual
impurities, demonstrating the importance of local pinning and related
short-length-scale dynamics. Unlike in vortex lattices, elastic collective
dynamics on longer length scales results in temporally ordered motion and a
finite threshold field. A first-order dynamic phase transition from creep to
high-velocity sliding produces "switching" in the velocity-field
characteristic.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figures; minor clarifications To be published in Phys.
Rev. Let
Many-body Theory vs Simulations for the pseudogap in the Hubbard model
The opening of a critical-fluctuation induced pseudogap (or precursor
pseudogap) in the one-particle spectral weight of the half-filled
two-dimensional Hubbard model is discussed. This pseudogap, appearing in our
Monte Carlo simulations, may be obtained from many-body techniques that use
Green functions and vertex corrections that are at the same level of
approximation. Self-consistent theories of the Eliashberg type (such as the
Fluctuation Exchange Approximation) use renormalized Green functions and bare
vertices in a context where there is no Migdal theorem. They do not find the
pseudogap, in quantitative and qualitative disagreement with simulations,
suggesting these methods are inadequate for this problem. Differences between
precursor pseudogaps and strong-coupling pseudogaps are also discussed.Comment: Accepted, Phys. Rev. B15 15Mar00. Expanded version of original
submission, Latex, 8 pages, epsfig, 5 eps figures (Last one new). Discussion
on fluctuation and strong coupling induced pseudogaps expande
Defects, order, and hysteresis in driven charge-density waves
We model driven two-dimensional charge-density waves in random media via a
modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, which includes both amplitude and phase
fluctuations of the condensate. As the driving force is increased, we find that
the defect density first increases and then decreases. Furthermore, we find
switching phenomena, due to the formation of channels of dislocations. These
results are in qualitative accord with recent dynamical x-ray scattering
experiments by Ringlandet al. and transport experiments by Lemay et al.Comment: Accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Click here for
"http://www-theory.mpip-mainz.mpg.de/~karttune/CDW/", movies of driven CDW
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