International development of the Senegal River

The thesis examines the political influences that have shaped what is ostensibly a functional programme for the international development of the Senegal River by the three participating states of Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal. Construction of the two major first phase projects began in late 1981 - a $186 million salt barrier dam in the delta and a$680 million hydro-electric storage d^m upstream in Mali. The thesis finds that the functional rationale for making use of the valuable international resource is undermined by the political concessions, compromises, and accommodations the basin states and the donors who finance the projects need to make to sustain international cooperation.</p

International development of the Senegal River

The thesis examines the political influences that have shaped what is ostensibly a functional programme for the international development of the Senegal River by the three participating states of Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal. Construction of the two major first phase projects began in late 1981 - a $186 million salt barrier dam in the delta and a$680 million hydro-electric storage d^m upstream in Mali. The thesis finds that the functional rationale for making use of the valuable international resource is undermined by the political concessions, compromises, and accommodations the basin states and the donors who finance the projects need to make to sustain international cooperation

Serotonin and disorders of human disinhibition : alcohol abuse and dependence, aggression and impulsivity

A wealth of data supports the hypothesis that the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates the intake of ethanol, and is involved in the development of alcoholism in humans. Reduced functioning of the serotonergic system hypothetically increases alcohol intake in both animals and humans. In this thesis, it was proposed that the effect of lowered serotonergic function on alcohol intake is mediated by an increase in disinhibition. The hypothesis that lowered serotonin increases disinhibition was tested in separate groups of individuals at high risk for the development of psychopathology: nonalcoholic young men with a strong family history of paternal alcoholism, and adolescent men with previous histories of physically aggressive behavior. Lowered serotonergic synthesis (and thus presumably function) was experimentally induced through a transient dietary reduction in the availability of the amino add precursor of serotonin, tryptophan. Disinhibition was quantified using a go/no-go task previously shown to characterize psychopaths and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as disinhibited. In the first study, acute tryptophan depletion had no effect on aggressive responding on a modified competitive reaction time aggression task, but increased disinhibition in young men at risk for alcoholism. This effect was independent of the tryptophan depletion-induced mood alterations. The effect tryptophan depletion on disinhibition was not replicated in the second study with previously aggressive adolescent men. A number of explanations for this were posited, including the presence of a ceiling effect. An association between disinhibition and executive functioning (cognitive abilities associated with proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex, such as working memory, planning abilities) was demonstrated in the second study. In a third preliminary study, no association between disinhibition on the go/no-go task and allelic polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 recepto

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Du métal à la monnaie : essai de caractérisation de l’argent monnayé en Europe occidentale au Second âge du Fer. Regards croisés

International audienceSince the end-1970s, numerous research programs have been carried out in France and abroad on Celtic silver coins according to an interdisciplinary approach that combines data from archaeometry (mainly elemental analyses), numismatics, archaeology and history. The silver coins were analysed using various methods, the advantages and limitations of which must be known in order to integrate all the parameters specific to their production and for the successful interpretation of the results obtained. This approach has now been tried and tested, and its contribution to the study of metalworking practices in the broadest sense, and of monetary practices in particular, is well established. Thus, the problems associated with the archaeometric data cover the wider field of the monetary production policies (“specifications and requirements” of the issuing authority and their application, metal supply strategies, manufacturing processes).This article is based on an analytical corpus of 1184 coins and aims to present a first synthesis of the analytical data on coined silver in the Late Iron Age.Depuis la fin des années 1970, de nombreux programmes de recherche sont menés en France et à l’étranger sur des monnaies d’argent celtiques selon une démarche interdisciplinaire qui croise les données de l’archéométrie (analyses élémentaires principalement), de la numismatique, de l’archéologie et de l’histoire. Les monnaies d’argent sont analysées selon diverses méthodes, dont les atouts et les limites doivent être connus afin d’intégrer l’ensemble des paramètres propres à ces productions et d’interpréter au mieux les résultats obtenus. Cette démarche est aujourd’hui éprouvée et son apport à l’étude des pratiques de l’artisanat métallique au sens large et monétaire en particulier n’est plus à démontrer. Ainsi, les problématiques associées aux données archéométriques couvrent aujourd’hui le vaste champ des politiques de production monétaires (« cahier des charges » de l’autorité émettrice et son application, stratégie d’approvisionnement en métal, procédés de fabrication).Cet article repose sur un corpus analytique de 1 184 monnaies et a pour objectif de proposer une première synthèse des données analytiques de l’argent monnayé au Second âge du Fer

Du métal à la monnaie : essai de caractérisation de l’argent monnayé en Europe occidentale au Second âge du Fer. Regards croisés

Depuis la fin des années 1970, de nombreux programmes de recherche sont menés en France et à l’étranger sur des monnaies d’argent celtiques selon une démarche interdisciplinaire qui croise les données de l’archéométrie (analyses élémentaires principalement), de la numismatique, de l’archéologie et de l’histoire. Les monnaies d’argent sont analysées selon diverses méthodes, dont les atouts et les limites doivent être connus afin d’intégrer l’ensemble des paramètres propres à ces productions et d’interpréter au mieux les résultats obtenus. Cette démarche est aujourd’hui éprouvée et son apport à l’étude des pratiques de l’artisanat métallique au sens large et monétaire en particulier n’est plus à démontrer. Ainsi, les problématiques associées aux données archéométriques couvrent aujourd’hui le vaste champ des politiques de production monétaires (« cahier des charges » de l’autorité émettrice et son application, stratégie d’approvisionnement en métal, procédés de fabrication).Cet article repose sur un corpus analytique de 1 184 monnaies et a pour objectif de proposer une première synthèse des données analytiques de l’argent monnayé au Second âge du Fer.Since the end-1970s, numerous research programs have been carried out in France and abroad on Celtic silver coins according to an interdisciplinary approach that combines data from archaeometry (mainly elemental analyses), numismatics, archaeology and history. The silver coins were analysed using various methods, the advantages and limitations of which must be known in order to integrate all the parameters specific to their production and for the successful interpretation of the results obtained. This approach has now been tried and tested, and its contribution to the study of metalworking practices in the broadest sense, and of monetary practices in particular, is well established. Thus, the problems associated with the archaeometric data cover the wider field of the monetary production policies (“specifications and requirements” of the issuing authority and their application, metal supply strategies, manufacturing processes).This article is based on an analytical corpus of 1184 coins and aims to present a first synthesis of the analytical data on coined silver in the Late Iron Age