ESTIMATION OF WAVE CHARACTERISTICS IN EAST VIETNAM SEA USINGWAM MODEL

WAM (WaveModeling) is a third generation wave model developed by WAMDI Group which describes the evolution of a two-dimensional ocean wave spectrum under the effects of winds, currents, bottom and non-linear wave-wave interactions. The model runs for deep and shallow waters and includes depth and current refraction. This study used the WAM cycle 4.5 with model domain which is covered from 990E to 1210E and 00N to 250N with a resolution of ∆X = ∆Y = 0.250. Bathymetry of East Vietnam Sea (EVS) was taken from ‘ETOPO5’ data set of National Geophysical Data Center, Colorado, USA with resolution of 5’ (≈ 9 km). Wind velocities were obtained from 6 hourly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, USA with resolution of ∆X = ∆Y = 0.250. Study results show that during NE monsoon period, the main wave direction in EVS was NE and vice versa during SW monsoon period. Regions of greatest wave height were in the central and northern part of the EVS. Statistic of computed wave characteristics from 1987 to 2011 shows that wave regime in the offshore region of Nhatrang coast has two main wave directions that are NE with 40.82% of occurrence, SSW with 20.15% of occurrence. NE monsoon wave dominated from October to April of the next year, SW monsoon wave dominated from June to August. May and September are transitional periods. Assimilation of wind data with resolution of ∆X = ∆Y = 0.250 permits the model to be used to simulate the wave field during typhoon activity in EVS

SOME METEO - HYDRO - DYNAMICAL FEATURES IN MEKONG RIVER MOUTH AREA

This paper provides some meteo-hydro-dynamical features in Mekong River Mouth area which were based on statistical results from longtime measurement data such as wind, wave, sea water level, and river discharge. Study results show that distribution features of wind and wave characteristics are corresponding to seasonal variation. Predominant wind and wave directions during NE Monsoon period is NE, and in W, SW directions during SW Monsoon period. NE Monsoon period is from November to April (strongest in December and January), SW Monsoon period is from June to September (strongest in August). During NE Monsoon period the wind velocity and wave height were higher than that of SW Monsoon period. Variation of SWL at Vungtau Station shows that the tide is semi-diurnal with maximum value occurred during NE monsoon period (highest in November), and minimum value occurred during SW Monsoon period (lowest in June). Variation of river discharge is similarly at two stations (Mythuan and Cantho). During flood season (from July to December) average monthly discharge was ranged from 4,000 to 15,800 m3/s. During dry season (from January to May) average monthly discharge at both stations was less than 4,000 m3/s. Statistical data show that Mekong River Mouth area is a region of strong and complicated hydro-dynamical interaction processes between river and sea. Key words: Monsoon, North-East (NE), South-West (SW), Sea Water Level (SWL), River discharge, Mekong River

ĐẶC ĐIỂM DÒNG CHẢY VEN BỜ BẮC TRUNG BỘ (HÀ TĨNH - THỪA THIÊN-HUẾ) THỜI KỲ 4/2016

This paper presents the modeled results of general current pattern (daily average value) in Northern Central Vietnam Coast (Ha Tinh - Thua Thien-Hue) during April 2016. Study results show that in general, current flowed from the North to the South with small and instable velocity (V ≈ 0.1 - 0.2 m/s). From 2nd to 6th April current flowed from the South to the North. From 7th to 29th April current flowed from the North to the South. During 13rd to 16th April current velocity was weak (V ≤ 0.1 m/s). In the southern region of Thua Thien-Hue province, the direction of current was instable (from 6th to 9th and from 20th to 22nd April current flowed from the South to the North). Current distribution pattern from modeled results was in accordance with the propagation characteristics of surface water temperatures in the studied area through data analysis of satellite images.Bài báo trình bày kết quả tính toán trường dòng chảy tổng hợp trung bình ngày cho khu vực ven bờ Bắc Trung Bộ (Hà Tĩnh - Thừa Thiên-Huế) thời kỳ 4/2016. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy trong thời gian nghiên cứu nhìn chung dòng chảy tổng hợp trung bình ngày có hướng từ bắc xuống nam, tốc độ tương đối nhỏ V ≈ 0,1 - 0,2 m/s và không ổn định. Từ 2-6/4/2016 dòng chảy tổng hợp trung bình ngày ven bờ có hướng từ nam lên bắc. Từ 7-29/4/2016 dòng chảy ven bờ có hướng từ bắc xuống nam. Các ngày 13-16/4/2016 dòng chảy tổng hợp trung bình ngày có tốc độ nhỏ (V ≤ 0,1 m/s). Khu vực phía nam Thừa Thiên-Huế dòng chảy tổng hợp trung bình ngày có hướng bị biến động mạnh nhất (các ngày 6-9/4 và 20-22/4 hướng dòng từ nam lên bắc). Đặc điểm phân bố dòng chảy tính toán tương đối phù hợp với đặc điểm lan truyền nhiệt độ nước tầng mặt tại khu vực nghiên cứu qua số liệu phân tích ảnh vệ tinh

Repurposing existing medications for coronavirus disease 2019: protocol for a rapid and living systematic review

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has no confirmed specific treatments. However, there might be in vitro and early clinical data as well as evidence from severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome that could inform clinicians and researchers. This systematic review aims to create priorities for future research of drugs repurposed for COVID-19. METHODS This systematic review will include in vitro, animal, and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of a list of 34 specific compounds and 4 groups of drugs identified in a previous scoping review. Studies will be identified both from traditional literature databases and pre-print servers. Outcomes assessed will include time to clinical improvement, time to viral clearance, mortality, length of hospital stay, and proportions transferred to the intensive care unit and intubated, respectively. We will use the GRADE methodology to assess the quality of the evidence. DISCUSSION The challenge posed by COVID-19 requires not just a rapid review of drugs that can be repurposed but also a sustained effort to integrate new evidence into a living systematic review. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020175648

Towards understanding facial movements in real life

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "Some pages in the original document contain text that runs off the edge of the page. See Appendix A - pages 162-171"--Disclaimer Notice page.Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-159).It is commonly assumed that there is a reliable one-to-one mapping between a certain configuration of facial movements and the specific emotional state that is supposedly signals. One common way to test this one-to-one hypothesis is to ask people to deliberately pose the facial configurations that they believe they use to express emotions. Participants are randomly sampled, without concern for their emotional expertise, and are given a single emotion word or a single, brief statement to describe each emotion category. They then deliberately pose the facial configuration that they believe they make when expressing instances of this category. Such studies routinely find that participants from different countries show moderate to strong evidence for a one-to-one mapping between an emotion category and a single facial configuration (its presumed facial expression).In Study 1, we examined the facial configurations posed by emotion experts - famous actors who were provided with a diverse sample of richly described scenarios, full of context. Participants inferred the emotional meaning of the scenarios, which were then grouped into categories. Systematic coding of the facial poses for each emotion category revealed little evidence for the hypothesis that each category has a diagnostic facial expression. Instead, we observed a high degree of variability among expert's facial poses for any given emotion category, and little specificity for any pose. Furthermore, an unsupervised statistical analysis discovered 29 novel emotion categories with moderately consistent facial poses. In Study 2, participants were asked to infer the emotional meaning of each facial pose when presented alone, or when presented in the context of its eliciting scenario.In fact, the majority of studies designed to test the one-to-one hypothesis ask people from various cultures to judge posed configurations of facial movements, such as a scowl (the proposed facial expression for anger), a frown (the proposed expression for sadness), and so on, on the assumption that these facial configurations, as universal expressions of emotional states, co-evolved with the ability to recognize and read them. These studies routinely show participants one facial configuration posed by multiple posers for each emotion category and observe variable findings, depending on the experimental method used. Our analyses indicated that participants's inferences about the emotional meaning of the facial poses were influenced more by their eliciting scenarios than by the physical morphology of the facial configurations.These findings strongly replicate emerging evidence that the emotional meaning of any set of facial movements may be much more variable and context-dependent than hypothesized by the common one-to-one view which continues to influence the public understanding of emotion, and hence education, clinical practice, and applications in government and industry. Although more ecologically valid research on how people actually move their faces to express emotion is urgently needed, doing so was immensely difficult without the right tools that support the process of capturing facial data in real life, automatically processing these data, and finally supporting data verification and analysis. We developed a system of technological tools to support the investigations of facial movements during emotional episodes in naturalistic settings with the use of dynamic and longitudinal facial data. We then collected, pre-processed, verified and analyzed data from Youtube using our newly-developed tools.In particular, we examined two talk show hosts and presented preliminary insights on the answers to questions that were previously very difficult to investigate.by Tuan Le Mau.Ph. D.Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Science

SOME CIRCULATION FEATURES DURING SOUTH-WEST MONSOON IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM’S WATERS

This paper presents some circulation features during South-West (SW) monsoon in Southern Vietnam’s waters. The data were collected from different projects which were carried out by the Institute of Oceanography in recent years. Study results show that during SW monsoon the current mostly flows from the south to the north by wind action, and it is the period of high Mekong river discharge. These conditions are the main causes of Mekong river water spreading to the Central Vietnam upwelling area. Measured data during August and September 2009 indicate that Mekong River water spreads up to about 80 km to 100 km offshore, inclining in the northern part of Mekong river mouth region towards the upwelling area. The extent of river water spreading is directly proportional to the Mekong river discharge and SW monsoon intensity. This phenomenon is significant feature for assessment of the ecological-environmental effects on the upwelling area

Professional actors demonstrate variability, not stereotypical expressions, when portraying emotional states in photographs

It is long hypothesized that there is a reliable, specific mapping between certain emotional states and the facial movements that express those states. This hypothesis is often tested by asking untrained participants to pose the facial movements they believe they use to express emotions during generic scenarios. Here, we test this hypothesis using, as stimuli, photographs of facial configurations posed by professional actors in response to contextually-rich scenarios. The scenarios portrayed in the photographs were rated by a convenience sample of participants for the extent to which they evoked an instance of 13 emotion categories, and actors’ facial poses were coded for their specific movements. Both unsupervised and supervised machine learning find that in these photographs, the actors portrayed emotional states with variable facial configurations; instances of only three emotion categories (fear, happiness, and surprise) were portrayed with moderate reliability and specificity. The photographs were separately rated by another sample of participants for the extent to which they portrayed an instance of the 13 emotion categories; they were rated when presented alone and when presented with their associated scenarios, revealing that emotion inferences by participants also vary in a context-sensitive manner. Together, these findings suggest that facial movements and perceptions of emotion vary by situation and transcend stereotypes of emotional expressions. Future research may build on these findings by incorporating dynamic stimuli rather than photographs and studying a broader range of cultural contexts

Encourage involvement for the Climate Actions! Stakeholder engagement and formulating a comprehensive sectoral climate action plan for Da Nang City

This is a case study for formulating a comprehensive climate action plan for Da Nang City, Vietnam. As a joint effort, an international research team, Da Nang City, and Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change worked together on developing a Climate Action Plan for Da Nang City. This plan is made up of seven key sectors: Buildings, Transport, Energy, Food Agriculture, Water, Waste management, Integrated urban planning, and the SDGs interactions. This action plan can be used as a communication method to interact with diverse stakeholders including policymakers, citizens, and youth