On a new invariant of finitely generated modules over local rings

Let $M$ be a finitely generated module on a local ring $R$ and \F: M_0\subset M_1\subset...\subset M_t=M a filtration of submodules of $M$ such that $d_o<d_1< ... <d_t=d$, where $d_i=\dim M_i$. This paper is concerned with a non-negative integer $p_\mathcal F(M)$ which is defined as the least degree of all polynomials in $n_1, ..., n_d$ bounding above the function $$\ell(M/(x_1^{n_1}, ..., x_d^{n_d})M)-\sum_{i=0}^tn_1...n_{d_i}e(x_1,..., x_{d_i};M_i).$$ We prove that $p_\mathcal F(M)$ is independent of the choices of good systems of parameters $\underline x=x_1, ..., x_d$. When \F is the dimension filtration of $M$ we also present some relations between p_\F(M) and the polynomial type of each $M_i/M_{i-1}$ and the dimension of the non-sequentially Cohen-Macaulay locus of $M$.Comment: To appear in the Journal of Algebra and its Application

Application of PCR-DGGE in determining food origin : cases studies of fish and fruits

The determination of geographical origin is a demand of the traceability system of import-export food products. For this purpose, molecular techniques employing 16S, 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were used to detect the variation in microbial community (bacteria, yeast) structures of Pangasius fish from Viet Nam harvested in different aquaculture farms and during different seasons and two fruits Physalis from Egypt and mandarins from Spain and Morocco. In Physalis case, ecology of yeasts was also studied for the same purpose. Bacterial band profiles of fish and mandarins, and yeast band profiles of Physalis were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to certify the origin of fish and fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides food with a unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the food to their original location. (Résumé d'auteur

Determination of citrus fruit origin by using 16S rDNA fingerprinting of bacterial communities by PCR- DGGE : application à la clémentine du Maroc et de l'Espagne

introduction. La consommation des agrumes et de leur jus s'est fortement développée pendant ces dernières décennies. Cependant, à l'heure actuelle, la traçabilité de cette filière est uniquement documentaire. En cas de doute ou de fraude, aucune analyse normalisée ne permet de discriminer ou de déterminer l'origine géographique de la culture du fruit. Matériel et méthodes. Une méthode d'écologie bactérienne, la PCR-DGGE, a été utilisée pour caractériser la flore bactérienne des clémentines importées en France d'Espagne et du Maroc afin de montrer qu'il existe une relation entre les communautés bactériennes des fruits et leurs origines géographiques. Le principe repose sur la détermination de marqueurs biologiques spécifiques d'une localisation donnée. Les protocoles d'extraction et d'amplification des ADN microbiens ont été optimisés. Résultats. Le profil de DGGE étudié par une analyse multivariée a permis de déterminer les profils microbiens spécifiques des différentes régions étudiées. Conclusion. Nous proposons d'utiliser la méthode de la PCR-DGGE comme un nouvel outil de traçabilité qui fournirait un code barres unique aux produits issus d'agrumes et permettrait de relier les agrumes à leur zone de culture originale. (Résumé d'auteur

Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia: poverty in irrigated agriculture: issues and options: Vietnam

Irrigated farming / Poverty / Farm income / Irrigation management / Institutions / Legal aspects / Water rates / User charges / Participatory management / Privatization / Participatory rural appraisal / Performance indexes / Irrigation programs / Irrigation systems / Pumping / Irrigation canals / Social aspects / Economic aspects / Rivers / Hydrology / Dams / Households / Income / Regression analysis / Drainage / Cooperatives / Water delivery / Water distribution / Rice / Financing / Drought / Vietnam / Red River Delta / Nam Duong Irrigation System / Nam Thach Han Irrigation System / Han River