914 research outputs found
Do subsidized work contracts enhance capabilities of the long-term unemployed ? Evidence based on French Data
In the 1990âs, France introduced different subsidised contracts to create jobs targeted at long-term unemployment. These programs were supposed to help the beneficiaries to enhance their employability. It is then interesting to use the âcapabilitiesâ approach to assess their impact. From the panel of the Research and Statistical Department of the French Ministry of labour and social affairs (Dares) concerning employment policy beneficiaries, an initial analysis explored the beneficiariesâ refined functionings and a second how they subjectively perceive their standard of living. Comparing beneficiariesâ perceptions to those of a control group provided the necessary data to evaluate the real impact of these employment schemes on beneficiaries. Globally, subsidised employment contracts provide beneficiariesâ with an increased number of opportunities or choices that can be achieved and thus can be said to improve their quality of life. Furthermore, the private sector employment contract to the long-term unemployed (the so-called âCIEâ) is generally viewed more positively than the fixed-term contract in the public sector (the so-called âCESâ) although the latter is viewed as more successful in allowing beneficiaries to âfeel usefulâ and âregain self-esteemâ.
Social Preferences on Public Intervention: an empirical investigation based on French Data
In this paper we examine the support given by French households to public intervention for reducing inequalities and improving well-being of the low-income classes. We first discuss to what extent the model of self interest could be relied upon when one wants to take into account social norms to explain the individual demand for redistribution. We find that social beliefs matter for explaining the individual attitudes towards public intervention. We find also that the support given to redistribution can increase or decrease depending on the interaction between reciprocity norms and beliefs about causes of poverty.
Moral Intuitions about Social Inequality and Individual Responsibility: A European Comparison.
Responsabilité individuelle; Inégalités;
The impact of health events on individual labor market histories : the message from difference in differences with exact matching
We studied the effect of health events (accidents and chronic diseases) on the occupation probabilities at the individual level, while accounting for both correlated individual and time effects. Using difference-in-differences with exact matching estimators, we found that health events have a strong impact on individual labor market histories. The workers affected by a healt event have a stronger probability of entering inactivity and a lower probability of keeping their jobs. We also found that the less qualied workers, women, and workers with short term jobs are the most negatively affected by health events
Handicap et accÚs à l\u27emploi - efficacité et limites de la discrimination positive
Lâexistence dâune plus faible qualification observĂ©e en moyenne chez les personnes handicapĂ©es dĂ©pend du type de handicap et est liĂ©e en partie au phĂ©nomĂšne de discrimination du cĂŽtĂ© de la demande de travail qui, intĂ©riorisĂ© par les personnes handicapĂ©es, entraĂźne un sous-investissement Ă©ducatif de leur part. Par ailleurs, du fait de lâinadaptation de lâenvironnement, le handicap peut induire une moindre productivitĂ©. Ceci peut alimenter le cercle vicieux de la croyance plus gĂ©nĂ©rale selon laquelle la relation dĂ©croissante entre handicap et productivitĂ© est systĂ©matiquement observĂ©e. Dans cet article, nous Ă©tudions lâexistence dâune discrimination potentielle des personnes handicapĂ©es sur le marchĂ© du travail. Nous analysons plus particuliĂšrement les jugements des individus relativement au handicap et Ă lâaccĂšs Ă lâemploi Ă partir de deux enquĂȘtes dâopinion : une enquĂȘte qualitative qui permet dâĂ©valuer les dispositions quâont les individus Ă discriminer les personnes handicapĂ©es, selon le type de handicap et une enquĂȘte sur Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif qui Ă©value plus globalement les politiques dâemploi fondĂ©es sur la discrimination positive Ă lâĂ©gard des personnes handicapĂ©es. Il apparaĂźt ainsi que mĂȘme si la volontĂ© dâintĂ©grer est bien rĂ©elle, une fraction non nĂ©gligeable des individus prĂ©fĂšrent que les personnes handicapĂ©es travaillent dans des lieux rĂ©servĂ©s plutĂŽt quâen milieu ordinaire dâune part et que les personnes atteintes de « handicap psychique » sont particuliĂšrement discriminĂ©es dâautre part
Low-cost singular value decomposition with optimal sensor placement
This paper presents a new method capable of reconstructing datasets with
great precision and very low computational cost using a novel variant of the
singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm that has been named low-cost SVD
(lcSVD). This algorithm allows to reconstruct a dataset from a minimum amount
of points, that can be selected randomly, equidistantly or can be calculated
using the optimal sensor placement functionality that is also presented in this
paper, which finds minimizing the reconstruction error to validate the
calculated sensor positions. This method also allows to find the optimal number
of sensors, aiding users in optimizing experimental data recollection. The
method is tested in a series of datasets, which vary between experimental and
numerical simulations, two- and three-dimensional data and laminar and
turbulent flow, which have been used to demonstrate the capacity of this method
based on its high reconstruction accuracy, robustness, and computational
resource optimization. Maximum speed-up factors of 630 and memory reduction of
37% are found when compared to the application of standard SVD to the dataset.
This method will be incorporated into ModelFLOWs-app's next version release
Social Inequality Factors in the contexts of Education and Health: A European Comparison Based on An Experimental Questionnaire.
Education; Santé; Inégalités;
The impact of health events on individual labor market histories : the message from difference in differences with exact matching
We studied the effect of health events (accidents and chronic diseases) on the occupation probabilities at the individual level, while accounting for both correlated individual and time effects. Using difference-in-differences with exact matching estimators, we found that health events have a strong impact on individual labor market histories. The workers affected by a healt event have a stronger probability of entering inactivity and a lower probability of keeping their jobs. We also found that the less qualiÂ
ed workers, women, and workers with short term jobs are the most negatively affected by health events.chronic illness, health, labor, difference in differences
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22 ref. doi: 10.1093/nar/gng158International audienc
Actin Dynamics Associated with Focal Adhesions
Cell-matrix adhesion plays a major role during cell migration. Proteins from adhesion structures connect the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton, allowing the growing actin network to push the plasma membrane and the contractile cables (stress fibers) to pull the cell body. Force transmission to the extracellular matrix depends on several parameters including the regulation of actin dynamics in adhesion structures, the contractility of stress fibers, and the mechanosensitive response of adhesion structures. Here we highlight recent findings on the molecular mechanisms by which actin assembly is regulated in adhesion structures and the molecular basis of the mechanosensitivity of focal adhesions
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