Railway Detection: From Filtering to Segmentation Networks

International audienceThis paper deals with classification of remote sensing data to extract objects for industrial mapping. While land-cover or urban mapping have been extensively studied, industrial cartography remains a field yet to explore, in spite of tremendous needs. We present and compare here four approaches for railway detection in very high resolution images. They use various kind of filtering approaches, including the trained filters of fully convolutional networks. Moreover, they benefit from different a-priori and post-processing techniques to make them more robust. We evaluate all approaches on a challenging dataset captured on an operating station site with complex objects

Lack of biological activity of vitamin D 3

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Social Validation of Solutions in the Context of Online Communities

Part 4: Computational Intelligence: Machine LearningInternational audienceOnline Communities are considered as a new organizational structure that allows individuals and groups of persons to collaborate and share their knowledge and experiences. These members need technological support in order to facilitate their learning activities (e.g. during a problem solving process).We address in this paper the problem of social validation, our aim being to support members of Online Communities of Learners to validate the proposed solutions. Our approach is based on the members’ evaluations: we apply three machine learning techniques, namely a Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Neural Networks and the Naïve Bayes approach. The main objective is to determine a validity rating of a given solution. A preliminary experimentation of our approach within a Community of Learners whose main objective is to collaboratively learn the Java language shows that Neural Networks represent the most suitable approach in this context

Clinical features and prognostic factors of spinal cord sarcoidosis: a multicenter observational study of 20 BIOPSY-PROVEN patients

International audienceSarcoidosis of the spinal cord is a rare disease. The aims of this study are to describe the features of spinal cord sarcoidosis (SCS) and identify prognostic markers. We analyzed 20 patients over a 20-year period in 8 French hospitals. There were 12 men (60 %), mostly Caucasian (75 %). The median ages at diagnosis of sarcoidosis and myelitis were 34.5 and 37 years, respectively. SCS revealed sarcoidosis in 12 patients (60 %). Eleven patients presented with motor deficit (55 %) and 9 had sphincter dysfunction (45 %). The median initial Edmus Grading Scale (EGS) score was 2.5. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed elevated protein level (median: 1.00 g/L, interquartile range (IQR) 0.72-1.97), low glucose level (median 2.84 mmol/L, IQR 1.42-3.45), and elevated white cell count (median 22/mm3, IQR 6-45). The cervical and thoracic cords were most often affected (90 %). All patients received steroids and an immunosuppressive drug was added in 10 cases (50 %). After a mean follow-up of 52.1 months (range 8-43), 18 patients had partial response (90 %), 7 displayed functional impairment (35 %), and the median final EGS score was 1. Six patients experienced relapse (30 %). There was an association between the initial and the final EGS scores (p = 0.006). High CSF protein level showed a trend toward an association with relapse (p = 0.076). The spinal cord lesion was often the presenting feature of sarcoidosis. Most patients experienced clinical improvement with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive treatment. The long-term functional prognosis was correlated with the initial severit