Human dignity, paternalism, and religious symbols

[Excerto] Western countries are today characterized by cultural diversity, stemming not only but also from migration. In a broad sense, cultural diversity encompasses religious diversity. Conflicts between dimensions of freedom of religion and other fundamental rights and/or constitutional principles, from equality and human dignity to neutrality and separation between Church and State (whose scope remains, somehow, uncertain), arise frequently

Preparation of a textile and clothing company to lean implementation by identifying ergonomic and environmental risks

This paper intends to identify ergonomic and environmental risks, in the different sectors of the Portuguese Textile and Clothing Industry (TCI). This identification will be used in order to have a better understanding of the risks in each sector of TCI. Knowing these risks, some more focused proposals oriented by a Lean methodology, could be recommended to eliminate them more rapidly. The Lean methodology to implement Lean in TCI is already in development and includes ergonomic and sustainable tools to solve the problems related with the identified risks. These tools will allow analysing and evaluating the risks to improve the work environment

Metodologias para implementar Lean Production : uma revisão critica de literatura

Neste artigo pretende-se fazer uma revisão crítica de literatura sobre metodologias para implementar Lean Production. Lean Production é um modelo de organização da produção focado no cliente que procura a eliminação dos desperdícios (actividades que não acrescentam valor ao produto) e a entrega atempada de produtos, trazendo muitos benefícios para as empresas. O Lean Production utiliza ferramentas que vão permitir a melhoria dos processos, assim como melhorar os fluxos quer de materiais, quer de informação. Mas a utilização e implementação destas ferramentas exige uma mudança de cultura e estratégia empresarial, muitas vezes, uma mudança contra-intuitiva aos hábitos das pessoas. Para implementar Lean Production é necessário, assim, um caminho que conduza as empresas numa bem sucedida implementação. Neste artigo descreve-se algumas metodologias desenvolvidas para a implementação do Lean Production e faz-se uma reflexão sobre o que uma metodologia deve incluir

Implementar o modelo de produção Lean na ITV para promover sistemas eco eficientes

O modelo de produção Lean é um modelo de organização da produção focado no cliente e na entrega atempada de produtos eliminando os desperdícios (i.e. atividades que não acrescentam valor ao produto) e respeitando as pessoas e o ambiente para reduzir os custos e aumentar a produtividade. Para o conseguir, este modelo recorre a princípios e ferramentas com objetivo de melhorar os processos e os fluxos de materiais, de informação e de pessoas. Nesta procura de melhoria é obrigatório reduzir os consumos de água, energia, matérias-primas e emissão de substâncias tóxicas que vão contaminar o solo, ar e água. Evidencia-se assim, neste artigo, esta relação entre o modelo de produção Lean e a eco-eficiência dos sistemas de produção, designada na literatura anglo-saxónica como Lean-Green.The Lean production model is a model of production organization focused on the customer and timely delivery of products, eliminating waste (e.g activities that do not add value to the product) and respecting people and the environment to reduce costs and increase productivity. To achieve this, this model uses principles and tools in order to improve the processes and flow of materials, information and people. In this quest for improvement it is mandatory to reduce the consumption of water, energy, raw materials and emission of toxic substances that will contaminate the soil, air and water. In this article, emphasis is given on the relationship between the model of lean manufacturing and ecoefficiency of production systems, known in the literature as Lean-Green

How could the TRIZ tool help continuous improvement efforts of the companies?

This paper objective is to explore TRIZ tool as a tool that could be helpful during Lean implementation, in particular, during the continuous improvement process efforts. Attending to the already published papers regarding Lean and TRIZ, at least since 2004, this synergy is viable and sustainable. This paper presents TRIZ principles and discusses their relation With Lean Production principles. Additionally, presents some TRIZ tools and explain how they can be useful in the context of the methodology in development to be applied in Textile and Clothing Industry.PEst-C/EEI/UI0319/201

Lean thinking contributions for Industry 4.0: a systematic literature review

Lean Thinking has successfully challenged mass production practices, providing greater flexibility in production systems and processes, resulting in "leaner" products and supply chains, i.e., with less waste. More recently, the term Industry 4.0 emerged. It was first used in Germany in 2011 to refer to the 4th industrial revolution. It aims to connect the physical and virtual worlds in industrial production and has become increasingly popular with the many opportunities and business models that can be consolidated through new technologies. With such automation associated with Industry 4.0, questions arise about the interoperability between the two approaches and the role of Lean in this ongoing industrial revolution. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out in order to answer the research questions, and to identify the role of Lean in this scenario. The review was conducted for the period from 2011 to 2018 and resulted in a total of 26 articles being analyzed. This paper's focus is the effect of Lean Thinking as a facilitator, within the scope of Industry 4.0. It is also clear that this is an emerging research area, with most of the selected studies published between 2017 and 2018. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work has been supported by FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019

Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Old Ones and a Closer Look to the Mineral Metabolism

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular complications, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for more than 50% of all deaths in this population. Cardiac diseases are independently associated with a deterioration of renal function and worsening of existing kidney disease. On the other hand, chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has a complex pathogenesis, and traditional risk factors are not able to fully explain its high incidence and prevalence. Several substances have been identified, and they seem to play important roles in different physiological functions. This chapter will review traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. The most relevant bibliography will be referred, and also interventional studies will be discussed. Other new emerging factors associated with the osteomineral metabolism have been described, mainly in advanced stages of CKD, and frequently are associated with higher cardiovascular risk, which in turn will contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of this population

Do lean methodologies include ergonomic tools?

This paper presents some methodologies for Lean implementation, highlighting which ergonomic tools are included in these methodologies. In order to achieve this, a review on ergonomic tools used to diagnostic work conditions was necessary. Being Lean Production, a well known work organizational model, widely implemented in all sort of industries and services companies in nowadays, it is important to include ergonomic tools for diagnose, evaluate and measure the workers conditions before and after the Lean implementation. Based on literature findings concern the existing Lean methodologies, it was possible to realize that none of the searched had these ergonomic tools implicit. In spite of this conclusion it was possible to identify the synergy between Ergonomic and Lean Production, encouraging the pursuit of a development a project that includes Ergonomic tools in a Lean methodology in order to assess the factors that impacts the worker ergonomic performance, before and after Lean implementation

Project-Based Learning and its Effects on Freshmen Social Skills in an Engineering Program

This chapter reports some effects of project-based learning (PBL) on development of social skills on Industrial Engineering freshmen (first-year) students. PBL is an active learning and student-centered methodology that promotes skills development such as the 4C—Critical thinking, Communication, Collaboration and Creativity. These skills should be an integral part of the expected engineering competences needed for professional proficiency, in order to comply with a changeable world and instable marketplaces, which require competences well beyond the technical ones. Through a survey to the first-year students and interviews to recently graduated professionals, some interesting results about the effects of PBL on social skills development were acquired. Some of these results relate to the recognition of acquiring competences during the project development and the usefulness and applicability of these in their daily professional activity. Among others, these encompass the capability to lead projects and produce effective work within multidisciplinary teams, to deal with conflicts, and to provide effective oral and written communication and capability to adapt to different work environments and assuming responsibilities, reflecting and assessing the own learning and the work of others, and to respect the attitudes and work of others