Comparison of Presowing Wheat Treatments by Low-Temperature Plasma, Electric Field, Cold Hardening, and Action of Tebuconazole-Based Disinfectant

This work compares the presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a low-temperature plasma, a constant high-voltage electric field, a plant protection disinfectant, and cold hardening on the resistance of seedlings to freezing and their morphophysiological characteristics at the initial stage of germination. Various treatment combinations were considered, including the effect of the disinfectant jointly with low-temperature plasma treatment. The greatest stimulating effect from the point of view of seedlings’ morphophysiological characteristics was achieved when seeds were cold-hardened. The action of low-temperature plasma is noticeable up to the third day of germination. The treatment with the low-temperature plasma of seeds pretreated and not-pretreated with the disinfectant had a similar effect on the morphophysiological characteristics of seedlings. The plasma treatment and the electric field were combined with each other, i.e., the plasma treatment effects were added to the electric field effects. Resistance to low temperatures was increased with the hardening of seeds treated with the electric field and the disinfectant. Resistance to low temperatures was reduced when treated with the electric field and/or low-temperature plasma after being treated with the disinfectant

Comparison of presowing wheat treatments by low-temperature plasma, electric field, cold hardening, and action of tebuconazole-based disinfectant

This work compares the presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a low-temperature plasma, a constant high-voltage electric field, a plant protection disinfectant, and cold hardening on the resistance of seedlings to freezing and their morphophysiological characteristics at the initial stage of germination. Various treatment combinations were considered, including the effect of the disinfectant jointly with low-temperature plasma treatment. The greatest stimulating effect from the point of view of seedlings’ morphophysiological characteristics was achieved when seeds were cold-hardened. The action of low-temperature plasma is noticeable up to the third day of germination. The treatment with the low-temperature plasma of seeds pretreated and not-pretreated with the disinfectant had a similar effect on the morphophysiological characteristics of seedlings. The plasma treatment and the electric field were combined with each other, i.e., the plasma treatment effects were added to the electric field effects. Resistance to low temperatures was increased with the hardening of seeds treated with the electric field and the disinfectant. Resistance to low temperatures was reduced when treated with the electric field and/or low-temperature plasma after being treated with the disinfectant

High-heat flux tests of fusion materials with stationary plasma in the PLM device

The PLM plasma device was constructed for high heat flux tests of fusion plasma-facing materials and in-vessel components of a fusion reactor. The ITER-grade tungsten samples were irradiated with steady-state plasma in PLM. The combined tests of ITER-grade tungsten samples with an e-beam load of 40MW/m(2) and stationary steady-state plasma load of similar to 1 MW/m(2) led to erosion, cracking, and nanostructured "fuzz" structure growth on the material surface. The capillary porous system of liquid tin was tested with steady-state plasma in PLM during similar to 200 min demonstrating sustainability under high heat plasma load. Lithium materials deposited in the T-10 tokamak during experiments with lithium capillary-porous system have been irradiated with stationary steady-state plasma in PLM to test the evolution of the deposits under long-term plasma load