RFID Technology Use in Assembly and Disassembly Processes

Modern production conditions demand the application of the concept of distributed production. Today companies are specialized for partial technology processes. Hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of collaborative processes depend on workers’ interaction and communication in product assembly and disassembly phases. RFID technologies can be really helpful in identifying objects in terms of sustainable development, regarding disassembly, recycling and reuse. In this paper we presented VCDE system architecture and the realization method of RFID technology as well as the data acquisition using RFID technology during the product lifecycle from the design process, production, assembly, usage, and an special example is given regard- ing disassembly and recycling process

Servis period i antitela protiv spermatozoida kod veštački osemenjavanih krava

The aim of this study was to determine titers of antisperm antibodies (ASA) of Ig G and Ig A class in sera and cervical mucus of artificially inseminated Holstein cows in order to correlate these results with the duration of the open days period. Investigations were conducted on a total of 181 cows originating from three different dairy farms. Blood and cervical mucus samples for laboratory analyses were collected on the day of the last artificial insemination. Presence of ASA was determined by indirect immunofluorescence method (IIF) using bulls' sperm cells prepared for artificial insemination by suspending in TRIS - egg yolk or "Biociphos + " extenders prior to deep freezing. Our results strongly confirm the hypothesis that immune mechanisms may be involved in reproductive disturbances due to high levels of ASA of lg A class. In the sera and cervical mucus of cows, high levels of ASA were found in animals with longer open days period. In this study we were not able to demonstrate differences in ASA titers when sperm cells were suspended in different extenders and used for the IIF test.U ovom radu su izneti rezultati ispitivanja titra antitela Ig G i Ig A klase poreklom iz krvnog seruma i cervikalne sluzi veštački osemenjavanih holštajn krava protiv antigena spermatozoida bika. Ispitivanja su izvedena na ukupnom broju od 181 plotkinje sa tri regionalne farme muznih krava. Uzorci krvi i cervikalne sluzi su prikupljeni na dan poslednjeg veštačkog osemenjavanja. Titar antitela protiv antigena spermatozoida (ASA) je određivan metodom indirektne imunofluorescence a za izvođenje testa su korišćeni spermatozoidi suspendovani u TRIS žumanjčanom ili "Biociphos +" razređivaču. Naši rezultati potvrđuju hipotezu da su imunski mehanizmi uključeni u nastanak nekih reproduktivnih poremećaja jer su plotkinje sa visokim titrom ASA u serumu i cervikalnoj sluzi imala duži servis period. Osim toga, u ovim ispitivanjima nismo utvrdili postojanje razlika u titru ASA u zavisnosti od vrste korišćenog razređivača

Analysis of Possible Use of Identification Technologies in Disassembly

The barcodes and Radio Frequency Identification tags that are being used during manufacturing, assembly, warehousing, and distribution could also be reused at the end of the product lifecycle for an identification of the correct disassembly process that would result in recycling of its components. The barcodes or RFID tags can be helpful in identifying objects in terms of sustainable development, regarding disassembly, recycling and reuse. In this paper, the analysis of the current applications of RFID Technology in the final phase of the product lifecycle will be presented. The simulation of the disassembly process supported by both barcode and RFID-enabled product sorting in Rockwell simulation Software Arena

Primena indirektne imunofluorescence u određivanju antigenskih karakteristika spermatozoida bika

Our investigations were conducted in order to evaluate variations in anti-sperm antibodies in rabbits sera. Rabbits were previously immunized with TRIS - egg yolk extender, Biociphos plus extender (IMV, France) and with content of insemination straws prepared with same extenders. We investigated sperm cells from ejaculates of 12 black and white spotted bulls by indirect immunofluorescence method. Both extenders and content of insemination straws were capable in raising antibody production. Titer of antibodies had the highest values when sperm cells from insemination straws were used for the test. .U ovom radu su izneti rezultati ispitivanja varijacija u titru antitela protiv spermatozoida bika i razređivača za spermu bikova u serumu kunića imunizovanih TRIS žumanjčanim razređivačem, razređivačem Biociphos plus (IMV, France) i sadržajem pajeta za VO krava pripremljenim pomoću njih. Ispitivanja su vršena metodom indirektne imuno-fluorescence a ukupno je testirano 12 bikova crno-bele šarene rase. Postignuti rezultati ukazuju da oba razređivača dovode do nastanka antitela kod kunića a da je titar antitela na antigene spermatozoida značajno viši kada se za izvođenje testa koriste spermatozoidi iz pajeta za VO

Primena enzimskog imunotesta za određivanje koncentracije progesterona u punom kravljem mleku

In this work the possibility of producing and using our new EIA (enzyme immunosorbent test) set for direct determination of progesterone concentration in whole milk was analyzed. The test confirmed high values in milk of confirmed gravid cows (13,16± 13,29 ng/ml; n=10) and confirmed non-gravid cows (1,35±0,98 ng/ml; n=8). This progesterone test helps following variations of progesterone concentration in blood and milk cow samples taken every second day. The progesterone concentration of gravid and low values of non-gravid cows are displayed, as well as errors in cycles and mistakes in insemination. The results were compared to the results obtained by the RIA progesterone test done on blood sera samples. Progesterone concentration measured with EIA test in 15 milk samples was compared to the values of progesterone obtained by a commercial EIA test. The differences were not statistically significant (t-test, t-0.1144; p-0.9097). After milking, the samples were stored for 28 days at 4oC, conserved by potassium dichromate, and a loss of progesterone activity by 25,90±15,47% (4,69±2,90 ng/ml) was noticed, but in the final outcome this did not influence the clinical results. Accordingly, milk samples with preservative may be stored in a refrigerator for four weeks.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati primene našeg novog enzimskog imunosorbent testa (EIA) za direktno određivanje koncentracije progesterona u punom mleku krava. Testom su potvrđene visoke koncentracije u mleku kod steonih krava (13,16±13,29 ng/ml; n=10) i niske koncentracije kod nesteonih krava (1,35±0,98 ng/ml; n=8). Ovim progesteronskim testom se u uzorcima mleka mogu pouzdano pratiti variranja u koncentraciji progesterona po danima ciklusa krava, ako se uzorci uzimaju svakog drugog dana. U radu su prikazani i progesteronski profili steonih i nesteonih krava, kao i profili onih sa poremećenim ciklusom i sa greškom u osemenjavanju. Rezultati dobijeni EIA testom su upoređivani sa rezultatima dobijenim komercijalnim RIA-progesteronskim setom iz uzoraka krvnog seruma. Razlike u koncentraciji progesterona u 15 uzoraka mleka krava novoproizvedenim EIA testom i koncentraciji određivanoj komercijalnim EIA testom nisu bile statistički značajne (t-test: t-0,1144; p-0,9097). U uzorcima mleka čuvanim na temperaturi frižidera (+4oC) konzervisanim kalijum bihromatom (do 28. dana nakon muže) ustanovljene su niže koncentracije progesterona za 25,90±15,47% (4,69± 2,90 ng/ml) u odnosu na koncentraciju na dan muže, što u krajnjem ishodu ipak nije uticalo na dobijene kliničke rezultate. Za primenu u EIA testu uzorci mleka sa konzervansom mogu se skladištiti četiri nedelje u frižideru

PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS OF MILK AND BUTTERFAT YIELD WITH TRAITS OF BODY CONFORMATION AND TYPE IN THE BLACK AND WHITE CATTLE POPULATION

Analiza fonotipske i genetske povezanosti izvršena je na odabranom uzorku populacije prvotelki crno-belih goveda na PK \u27Beograd". Obuhvaćene su grupe osobina proizvodnje mleka, procenjene telesne razvijenosti i tipa (ocene od 1 do 9), i osnovnih telesnih mera. Za izračunavanje koefrcijenta korišćen je fiksni model metoda najmanjih kvadrata LSMLMW (Harvey,1985). Genetske korelacije izmedu grupa ispitivanih osobina su bile dosta visoke sa rasponom jačine od nepostojanja do potpune poezanosti (rG = od 0,001 do 1,000) sa pozitivnim i negativnim vrednostima koeficijenta. Fenotipske korelacije izmedu grupa osobina su bile većinom niske sa rasponom jačine od neposaojanja do jake povezanosti (rp = od 0,001 do 0,616) s pozitivnim i negativnim vrednostima koeficijenta. Detaljna analiza je prikazana u tabelama rezultata ispitivanja. Sigurnije pokazatelje genetske i fenotipske povezanosti potrebno je zasnivati na većim uzorcima, u dužem vremenikom periodu i većem izboru modela programske analize, kako bi se efikasnije koristili u postojećim odgajivačko selekcijskim programima.On the basis of a selected sample of first calving cows at the Agricultural farm "Belgrade", phenotypic and genetic correlations were obtanied. Groups of milk production traits, visually ;assessed body conformation and type (scures from 1 to 9) and body measrements were included. All calculations were based on the fied model of Least Squares Analysis (Ha r v e y ,1985). Genetic correlations between group of investigated traits were fairly high, positive or negative with an interval from rG = 0,001 to rG = 1,000. Phenotypic correlations were mostly low, positive or negative with an interval from rP = 0,001 to rp = 0,616. A detailed analysis is shown in the tables of results. More precise conclusions should be based on much larger number of samples using a longer period of time and a wider choice of models. Thus obtained coefficients could be more efficiently afflied in the already existing breeding programs

PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS OF MILK AND BUTTERFAT YIELD WITH TRAITS OF BODY CONFORMATION AND TYPE IN THE BLACK AND WHITE CATTLE POPULATION

Analiza fonotipske i genetske povezanosti izvršena je na odabranom uzorku populacije prvotelki crno-belih goveda na PK \u27Beograd". Obuhvaćene su grupe osobina proizvodnje mleka, procenjene telesne razvijenosti i tipa (ocene od 1 do 9), i osnovnih telesnih mera. Za izračunavanje koefrcijenta korišćen je fiksni model metoda najmanjih kvadrata LSMLMW (Harvey,1985). Genetske korelacije izmedu grupa ispitivanih osobina su bile dosta visoke sa rasponom jačine od nepostojanja do potpune poezanosti (rG = od 0,001 do 1,000) sa pozitivnim i negativnim vrednostima koeficijenta. Fenotipske korelacije izmedu grupa osobina su bile većinom niske sa rasponom jačine od neposaojanja do jake povezanosti (rp = od 0,001 do 0,616) s pozitivnim i negativnim vrednostima koeficijenta. Detaljna analiza je prikazana u tabelama rezultata ispitivanja. Sigurnije pokazatelje genetske i fenotipske povezanosti potrebno je zasnivati na većim uzorcima, u dužem vremenikom periodu i većem izboru modela programske analize, kako bi se efikasnije koristili u postojećim odgajivačko selekcijskim programima.On the basis of a selected sample of first calving cows at the Agricultural farm "Belgrade", phenotypic and genetic correlations were obtanied. Groups of milk production traits, visually ;assessed body conformation and type (scures from 1 to 9) and body measrements were included. All calculations were based on the fied model of Least Squares Analysis (Ha r v e y ,1985). Genetic correlations between group of investigated traits were fairly high, positive or negative with an interval from rG = 0,001 to rG = 1,000. Phenotypic correlations were mostly low, positive or negative with an interval from rP = 0,001 to rp = 0,616. A detailed analysis is shown in the tables of results. More precise conclusions should be based on much larger number of samples using a longer period of time and a wider choice of models. Thus obtained coefficients could be more efficiently afflied in the already existing breeding programs

Applying enzyme immunotest for determination of progesterone concentration in whole cow 's milk

In this work the possibility of producing and using our new EIA (enzyme immunosorbent test) set for direct determination of progesterone concentration in whole milk was analyzed. The test confirmed high values in milk of confirmed gravid cows (13,16± 13,29 ng/ml; n=10) and confirmed non-gravid cows (1,35±0,98 ng/ml; n=8). This progesterone test helps following variations of progesterone concentration in blood and milk cow samples taken every second day. The progesterone concentration of gravid and low values of non-gravid cows are displayed, as well as errors in cycles and mistakes in insemination. The results were compared to the results obtained by the RIA progesterone test done on blood sera samples. Progesterone concentration measured with EIA test in 15 milk samples was compared to the values of progesterone obtained by a commercial EIA test. The differences were not statistically significant (t-test, t-0.1144; p-0.9097). After milking, the samples were stored for 28 days at 4oC, conserved by potassium dichromate, and a loss of progesterone activity by 25,90±15,47% (4,69±2,90 ng/ml) was noticed, but in the final outcome this did not influence the clinical results. Accordingly, milk samples with preservative may be stored in a refrigerator for four weeks