Novi podaci o pojavljivanju kritično ugroženog sklata sivca Squatina squatina u hrvatskom dijelu Jadrana

Two out of three critically endangered species of angelsharks (genus Squatina (Dumeril, 1806)) inhabiting the Mediterranean have been recorded in the Adriatic Sea, namely smoothback angelshark S. oculata Bonaparte, 1840 and common angelshark S. squatina (Linnaeus, 1758). While S. oculata has been extirpated from the Adriatic Sea due to overfishing, the presence of S. squatina remained questionable and some authors propose the species is regionally extinct since the 1980s. We present new data on the occurrence of S. squatina in the Croatian Adriatic Sea based upon inspection of collections from natural history museums and literature sources as well as three new records resulting from bycatch in commercial bottom trawls in 2016 and 2017. A low overall number of records and the complete absence of the species in scientific trawl surveys conducted since 1958, indicate its low abundance and question the effectiveness of scientific surveying in detecting rare species. Our analysis showed that this formerly abundant species is still present in the Adriatic Sea, emphasizing the importance of implementing novel approaches, such as citizen-science programmes, in studying its current distribution. Although the legal framework for angelshark conservation already exists, poor implementation and lack of any species-specific conservation measures will most probably result in further population declines and extinction of S. squatina from the Adriatic Sea.U Jadranu su zabilježene dvije od tri kritično ugrožene vrste sklatova koje žive u Sredozemnom moru (rod Squatina (Dumeril, 1806)), sklat žutan S. oculata Bonaparte, 1840 i sklat sivac S. squatina (Linnaeus, 1758). Dok je S. oculata nestala iz Jadrana zbog prevelikog izlova, prisutnost vrste S. squatina je upitna i neki autori predlažu da se vrsta proglasi regionalno izumrlom od 1980. godine. U radu donosimo nove podatke o pojavljivanju vrste S. squatina u hrvatskom dijelu Jadrana na temelju pregleda zbirki prirodoslovnih muzeja i literaturnih izvora te tri nova nalaza kao posljedice slučajnog ulova komercijalnim pridnenim koćaricama iz 2016 i 2017. Ukupni mali broj nalaza i potpuna odsutnost vrste u znanstvenim istraživanjima koćarenjem od 1958. ukazuju na njenu nisku brojnost i na upitni učinak znanstvenih istraživanja u pronalasku rijetkih vrsta. Naša analiza pokazuje da je ova nekad brojna vrsta još uvijek prisutna u Jadranu, uz naglasak na važnost primjene novih metoda za utvrđivanje njene trenutne rasprostranjenosti kao što su programi znanosti za građane. Iako pravni okvir za zaštitu sklata već postoji, njeno loše provođenje i nepostojanje bilo kakvih mjera zaštite specifičnih za tu vrstu vjerojatno će rezultirati daljnjim padom brojnosti populacije i izumiranjem sklata sivca u Jadranu

Analiza ishrane zelene želve, Chelonia mydas, iz Jadranskog mora

The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) is a foraging specialist, with strong tendency towards herbivory of neritic-stage individuals. Due to lack of data on the feeding ecology of this species in the Mediterranean, we analysed diet composition of one juvenile green turtle with the curved carapace length of 40.0 cm, found dead in the eastern Adriatic Sea (Croatia) in December 2001. The turtle has dominantly feed upon benthic polychaetes Chaetopterus variopedatus (69.8%), while seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) and algae accounted for 11.1% of the total wet mass. Species composition and their vertical distribution showed that the turtle was in the post-pelagic stage and has foraged in the shallow coastal waters. We discuss our results in the light of recent recoveries of C. mydas juveniles in Albania and Greece, and suggest the existence of an Ionian-Adriatic developmental pathway of green turtles from reproductive habitats in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.Zelena želva (Chelonia mydas) je specijalist u ishrani, sa snažnom tendencijom neritičkih stadija prema herbivornosti. Zbog potpunog nedostatka podataka o ekologije ishrane ove vrste u Sredozemlju, proveli smo analizu sadržaja probavila jedne zelene želve zakrivljene dužine karapaksa 40 cm, na|ene uginule u istočnom Jadranu (Hrvatska) u prosincu 2001. Dominantan plijen predstavljao je pridneni mnogočetinaš Chaetopterus variopedatus (69.8%), dok su morske cvjetnice (Cymodocea nodosa) i alge sačinjavale 11.1% ukupne mokre mase sadržaja probavila. Sastav vrsta i njihova vertikalna raspodjela pokazali su da je kornjača bila u post-pelagičkoj razvojnoj fazi, hraneći se u plitkim obalnim vodama. Rezultati su raspravljeni u svjetlu novih nalaza juvenilnih primjeraka C. mydas u Albaniji i Grčkoj, što ukazuje na postojanje jonsko-jadranskog razvojnog puta zelenih želvi iz reproduktivnih staništa u istočnom Sredozemlju

Life history traits of the Blackspotted smooth-hound Mustelus punctulatus (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) in the Adriatic Sea

We present demographic and reproductive parameters of commercially exploited shark, blackspotted smooth-hound (Mustelus punctulatus), based on samples from 117 males and 108 females from the Adriatic Sea. Calculated size and age at maturity were 83.1 cm in total length (TL) and 6.6 years for males and 100.0 cm TL and 12.5 years for females. The oldest observed male and female were 14 and 19 years old, respectively. The Gompertz growth model provided the best fit and predicted a theoretical maximum size (L∞) of 129.3 cm TL and a growth coefficient (k) of 0.15 year–1 for males, and L∞ = 141.1 cm TL and k = 0.13 year–1 for females. Obtained life history traits classify smooth-hound as slow-growing species, extremely sensitive to fishing, and highlight the need for the development of management strategy for this vulnerable species

Razine organoklorovih spojeva u tkivima kratkokljunog običnog dupina, Delphinus delphis, iz sjevernog Jadranskog mora

We analyzed 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in blubber, liver, muscle, lung, heart and kidney of an adult male short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) found dead stranded on the island of Cres (Croatia) in 2004. The PCB profile was dominated by hexachlorobiphenyls (39.4 – 63.2% of ΣPCB), with PCB-153 exhibiting the highest concentrations across all tissues. The pattern of PCB tissue distribution (ÓPCB) showed the highest burdens in blubber > liver > kidney > heart > muscle > lung, which were positively correlated with tissue lipid content (rs = 0.986, p blubber > liver > kidney > lung > heart, with no correlation to tissue lipid content (p > 0.05). Total DDTs were lower than total PCB levels for all tissues, with ΣPCB/ΣDDTs ratios ranging from 1.3 in blubber to 5.9 in muscles. Blubber OC burdens recorded in our specimen were among the highest found in a dolphin in the Mediterranean after the year 2000. This result and the presence of mono-ortho substituted PCBs with dioxin-like toxicity in all our samples may present an additional factor of concern for the conservation of regional dolphin populations.Analizirali smo 17 poliklorbifenila (PCB) i sedam organoklorovih pesticida (OCP) u potkožnom masnom tkivu, jetri, mišiću, plućima, srcu i bubregu odraslog mužjaka kratkokljunog običnog dupina (Delphinus delphis) koj je nađen nasukan na otoku Cresu (Hrvatska) 2004. godine. PCB profilom dominirali su heksaklorobifenili (39.4 – 63.2% ΣPCB), s PCB-153 utvrđenim s najvišim koncentracijama u svim tkivima. Raspodjela PCB-a u tkivima slijedi redoslijed: potkožno masno tkivo > jetra > bubreg > srce > mišić > pluća te pozitivno korelira sa sadržajem masti u pojedinom tkivu (rs = 0.986, p potkožno masno tkivo > jetra > bubreg > pluća > srce te ne pokazuje korelaciju sa sadržajem masti (p > 0.05). U svim su tkivima razine ukupnih DDT-a bile niže od razina ukupnih PCB-a, a omjeri ΣPCB/ΣDDTs u rasponu su od 1.3 u potkožnom masnom tkivu do 5.9 u mišiću. Razine organoklorovih spojeva u analiziranom uzorku potkožnog masnog tkiva među najvišim su nađenim razinama u dupinima u Sredozemnom moru nakon 2000. godine. Taj podatak te prisutnost mono-ortho supstituiranih PCB-a koji pokazuju toksičnost sličnu dioksinima u svim našim uzorcima mogu predstavljati dodatan razlog ugroženosti regionalne populacije dupina

ATTACKING PERFORMANCE PROFILE OF FOOTBALL TEAMS IN DIFFERENT NATIONAL LEAGUES ACCORDING TO UEFA RANKINGS FOR CLUB COMPETITIONS

The aim of this study was to compare the attacking performance profiles of the football teams playing in the national leagues of different rankings, defined on the basis of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) coefficient regarding club competitions. Applying the method of random sampling, one national league belonging to the first group – 4 participants in the Champions League and 3 teams participating in the Europa League (CL4+EL3; Germany), one belonging to the second group – CL3+EL3 (France), one belonging to the third group (CL2+EL3; Austria) and one from the fourth group – CL1+EL3 (Serbia) were selected. The analysis included all championship matches within the mentioned national competitions during the 2016/2017 season, which was a total of 1162 matches. The variables related to ball possession, passing game structure and efficacy and goal scoring attacks were monitored (19 variables in total). The results of this study have shown that there are significant differences in the organization of attacking games by the teams competing in the leagues of different rankings. It can be concluded that the players of the teams from the German and French leagues possess higher quality in technical and tactical sense, and are trained to play extremely fast, with a high degree of success in ball control

Implementation of geographic information system in military terrain assessment

Geographic Information System1 has made a great leap in the last two decades. On the one hand, it becomes widely used in various fields of the society. On the other hand, terrain plays significant role in the military activities of all kinds. It must be accounted for during planning and preparation of military operations. This article explores application of GIS in military terrain assessment. The proper Intelligence Preparation of the Battle space2 in the real situation would require taking into consideration many factors including terrain, weather, population, enemy, etc. However, the focus of this work is on plain terrain analysis with the aim to examine one. For this purpose, a Model in ArcGIS Desktop Model Builder has been made, which results in raster showing several classes of terrain. The method used in the analysis is a Weighted Suitability Analysis3. The results of WSA indicate that the terrain in the area of interest is favorable for movement of up to one mechanized division. Definition and classification to define terms and recognized interaction among them has been used

Uvid u sastav prehrane i zajednice probavnih nametnika morskog psa mekuša, Mustelus mustelus (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae), u sjevernom Jadranu

We examined gastrointestinal tracts from 15 sharks, common smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus), sampled between December 2005 and April 2007 by bottom trawls operating in the northern Adriatic Sea, and analysed diet composition and infestation levels of gastrointestinal helminth parasites. Decapod malacostracans were the dominant prey group (Index of Relative Importance, %IRI = 84), with Liocarcinus corrugatus, L. depurator and Pilumnus sp. as the most frequent prey (Frequency of occurrence, %F = 20 - 33). The second highest ranked prey group were ray-finned fish (%IRI = 9.5), represented mostly by Engraulis encrasicolus (%F = 13.3), while the third prey group were cephalopods (%IRI = 6.0), consisting mainly of Sepia elegans. Parasitological examination revealed 377 parasite specimens in 13 infected sharks (Prevalence, P = 86.7%), with a mean intensity (I) of 29 helminths per host. Nematode Cucullanus micropapillatus was the most prevalent (P = 60.0%) and dominant parasite (I = 26.9), recorded with 242 specimens. Trematode Ptychogonimus megastomum was recorded in 3 sharks (P = 20.0%) and numbered 89 individuals, while cestodes were represented by genus Eutetrarhynchus and genus Phyllobothrium, although in low prevalence (both P = 13.3%) and with only few individuals (I = 0.3 and 1.1, respectively).Analizirali smo sastav probavila 15 morskih pasa mekuša, Mustelus mustelus, prikupljenih u razdoblju od prosinca 2005. do travnja 2007. godine pridnenim koćama u sjevernom Jadranu, te istražili sastav prehrane i stupanj invadiranosti probavnim nametnicima. Dominantna skupina plijena bili su desetonožni rakovi (Decapoda – Malacostraca, indeks relativne važnosti, %IRI = 84,0), među kojima su najčešći plijen bili Liocarcinus corrugatus, L. depurator i Pilumnus sp. (postotak učestalosti, %F = 20 - 33). Ribe koštunjače bile su po važnosti druga skupina plijena (%IRI = 9,5) najčešće zastupljene vrstom Engraulis encrasicolus (%F = 13,3), dok su treća skupina plijena bili glavonošci (%IRI = 6,0), većinom predstavljeni vrstom Sepia elegans. Parazitološkom analizom ukupno je zabilježeno 377 jedinki nametnika u 13 inficiranih morskih pasa (prevalencija, P = 86,7%), s prosječnim intenzitetom infekcije (I) od 29 jedinki po domaćinu. Oblić Cucullanus micropapillatus bio je najprevalentniji (P = 60,0%) i najbrojniji nametnik (I = 26,9), zabilježen s ukupno 242 primjerka. Metilj Ptychogonimus megastomum je pronađen u 3 morska psa (P = 20,0%) s ukupno 89 jedinki, dok su trakavice bile predstavljene s rodovima Eutetrarhynchus i Phyllobothrium, ali s niskom stopom prevalencije (oba P =13,3%) i u malom broju jedinki (I = 0,3 i 1,1)