Molecular identification of Coccidioides spp. in soil samples from Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Since 1991 several outbreaks of acute coccidioidomycosis (CM) were diagnosed in the semi-arid Northeast of Brazil, mainly related to disturbance of armadillo burrows caused by hunters while digging them for the capture of these animals. This activity causes dust contaminated with arthroconidia of <it>Coccidioides posadasii</it>, which, once inhaled, cause the mycosis. We report on the identification of <it>C. posadasii </it>in soil samples related to outbreaks of CM.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty four soil samples had their DNA extracted and subsequently submitted to a semi-nested PCR technique using specific primers. While only 6 (25%) soil samples were positive for <it>C. posadasii </it>by mice inoculation, all (100%) were positive by the molecular tool.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This methodology represents a simple, sensitive and specific molecular technique to determine the environmental distribution of <it>Coccidioides </it>spp. in endemic areas, but cannot distinguish the species. Moreover, it may be useful to identify culture isolates. Key-words: 1. Coccidioidomycosis. 2. <it>Coccidioides </it>spp. 3. <it>C. posadasii</it>. 4. Semi-arid. 5. Semi-nested PCR</p

Low frequency of human papillomavirus detection in prostate tissue from individuals from Northern Brazil

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) was evaluated in 65 samples of prostate tumours and six samples of prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia from individuals from Northern Brazil. We used a highly sensitive test, the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, to detect 37 high and low-risk HPV types. In this study, only 3% of tumour samples showed HPV infection. Our findings support the conclusion that, despite the high incidence of HPV infection in the geographic regions studied, HPV was not associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the frequency of HPV detection in prostatic tissue of individuals from Brazil

Population genetic analysis reveals a high genetic diversity in the Brazilian Cryptococcus gattii VGII Pppulation and shifts the global origin from the Amazon Rainforest to the semi-arid desert in the Northeast of Brazil

Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-09-17T18:52:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Population Genetic Analysis Reveals a High Genetic Diversity in the Brazilian Cryptococcus_Marcelo_Alves_etal_INI_Lapclin_2016.PDF: 2734374 bytes, checksum: 22e034c2ef566de6a2fcb77aed96c5d3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regina Costa ([email protected]) on 2018-09-27T18:24:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Population Genetic Analysis Reveals a High Genetic Diversity in the Brazilian Cryptococcus_Marcelo_Alves_etal_INI_Lapclin_2016.PDF: 2734374 bytes, checksum: 22e034c2ef566de6a2fcb77aed96c5d3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T18:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Population Genetic Analysis Reveals a High Genetic Diversity in the Brazilian Cryptococcus_Marcelo_Alves_etal_INI_Lapclin_2016.PDF: 2734374 bytes, checksum: 22e034c2ef566de6a2fcb77aed96c5d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Institute Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity. Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital. The University of Sydney. The Westmead Institute for Medical Research. Sydney, Australia / Infectious Disease Department. Triângulo Mineiro Federal University. Uberaba, MG, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research. Sydney, Australia.Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.University of Piauí State. Teresina, PI, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity. Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital. The University of Sydney. The Westmead Institute for Medical Research. Sydney, Australia / Federal University of Pará. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Institute Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Biodiversity Research Center. Federal University of Roraima. Boa Vista, RR, Brazil.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Institute Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity. Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital. The University of Sydney. The Westmead Institute for Medical Research. Sydney, Australia.Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are responsible globally for almost one million cryptococcosis cases yearly, mostly in immunocompromised patients, such as those living with HIV. Infections due to C. gattii have mainly been described in tropical and subtropical regions, but its adaptation to temperate regions was crucial in the species evolution and highlighted the importance of this pathogenic yeast in the context of disease. Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII has come to the forefront in connection with an on-going emergence in the Pacific North West of North America. Taking into account that previous work pointed towards South America as an origin of this species, the present work aimed to assess the genetic diversity within the Brazilian C. gattii VGII population in order to gain new insights into its origin and global dispersal from the South American continent using the ISHAM consensus MLST typing scheme. Our results corroborate the finding that the Brazilian C. gattii VGII population is highly diverse. The diversity is likely due to recombination generated from sexual reproduction, as evidenced by the presence of both mating types in clinical and environmental samples. The data presented herein strongly supports the emergence of highly virulent strains from ancestors in the Northern regions of Brazil, Amazonia and the Northeast. Numerous genotypes represent a link between Brazil and other parts of the world reinforcing South America as the most likely origin of the C. gattii VGII subtypes and their subsequent global spread, including their dispersal into North America, where they caused a major emergence

First isolation of Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII and Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI from environmental sources in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are important agents of meningoencephalitis in humans in the city of Belém. This clinical data suggests that the region may be a highly endemic area for the pathogenic Cryptococcus species within the state of Pará (PA), Northern Brazil. Preliminary analysis of 11 environmental samples from the city of Belém showed two positive locations, including a hollow of a kassod tree (Senna siamea) colonized simultaneously by C. gattii molecular type VGII and C. neoformans molecular type VNI, and a birdcage in a commercial aviary positive for C. neoformans, molecular type VNI. This is the first evidence of an environmental occurrence of molecular types VNI and VGII in PA

First isolation of Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII and Cryptococcus neofarmans molecular type VNI from environmental sources in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-04-24T16:26:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2020-01-03T12:35:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Costa_Solange_etal_INI_2009.pdf: 452801 bytes, checksum: 375442993a8a3b9b4136315264e77e3d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-03T12:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Costa_Solange_etal_INI_2009.pdf: 452801 bytes, checksum: 375442993a8a3b9b4136315264e77e3d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Belém, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are important agents of meningoencephalitis in humans in the city of Belém. This clinical data suggests that the region may be a highly endemic area for the pathogenic Cryptococcus species within the state of Pará (PA), Northern Brazil. Preliminary analysis of 11 environmental samples from the city of Belém showed two positive locations, including a hollow of a kassod tree (Senna siamea) colonized simultaneously by C. gattii molecular type VGII and C. neoformans molecular type VNI, and a birdcage in a commercial aviary positive for C. neoformans, molecular type VNI. This is the first evidence of an environmental occurrence of molecular types VNI and VGII in PA

Regional pattern of the molecular types of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Brazil

The molecular types of 443 Brazilian isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii were analyzed to determine their geographic distribution within Brazil and their underlying host conditions. The following data, imported from previous epidemiological studies as well as two culture collections, were analyzed for: place of isolation, source (clinical or environmental), host risk factors, species, serotype, mating type, and molecular type. Molecular typing by PCR-fingerprinting using primers for the minisatellite-specific core sequence of the wild-type phage M13 or microsatellites [(GACA)4, (GTG)5], restriction fragment length polymorphism of URA5 gene analysis, and/or amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) identified eight major genotypes: VNI/AFLP1, VNII/AFLP1A, VNIII/AFLP2, and VNIV/AFLP3 for C. neoformans, and VGI/AFLP4, VGII/AFLP6, VGIII/AFLP5, and VGIV/AFLP7 for C. gattii. The most common molecular type found in Brazil was VNI (64%), followed by VGII (21%), VNII (5%), VGIII (4%), VGI and VNIV (3% each), and VNIII (< 1%). Primary cryptococcosis caused by the molecular type VGII (serotype B, MAT) prevails in immunocompetent hosts in the North and Northeast regions, disclosing an endemic regional pattern for this specific molecular type in the Northern Brazil