Blue Carbon Science, Management and Policy Across a Tropical Urban Landscape

The ability of vegetated coastal ecosystems to sequester high rates of “blue” carbon over millennial time scales has attracted the interest of national and international policy makers as a tool for climate change mitigation. Whereas focus on blue carbon conservation has been mostly on threatened rural seascapes, there is scope to consider blue carbon dynamics along highly fragmented and developed urban coastlines. The tropical city state of Singapore is used as a case study of urban blue carbon knowledge generation, how blue carbon changes over time with urban development, and how such knowledge can be integrated into urban planning alongside municipal and national climate change obligations. A systematic review of blue carbon studies in Singapore was used to support a qualitative review of Singapore’s blue carbon ecosystems, carbon budget, changes through time and urban planning and policy. Habitat loss across all blue carbon ecosystems is coarsely estimated to have resulted in the release of ∼12.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide since the beginning of the 20th century. However, Singapore’s remaining blue carbon ecosystems still store an estimated 568,971 – 577,227 tonnes of carbon (equivalent to 2.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide) nationally, with a small proportion of initial loss offset by habitat restoration. Carbon is now a key topic on the urban development and planning agenda, as well as nationally through Singapore’s contributions to the Paris Agreement. The experiences of Singapore show that coastal ecosystems and their blue carbon stocks can be successfully managed along an urban coastline, and can help inform blue carbon science and management along other rapidly urbanizing coastlines throughout the tropics

BURROWING MACROINFAUNA IN MOUNDS OF THALASSINA ANOMALA (HERBST) (THALASSINIDEA, CRUSTACEA) IN SOME SINGAPORE MANGROVES

Bachelor'sBACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS

Fouling and its next generation management: a perspective

The last 50 years of fouling research and management taught us that indiscriminate use of toxic approaches damages ecosystem services of estuaries and oceans critical to man’s existence. Next generation environmentally benign management requires knowledge of the fouling process and an understanding of the consequences of different management options. An intermediate step may be additives that fit with existing business models and distribution systems, but that carry a much reduced environmental footprint. Subsequently, the evolution of a next generation hull fouling management system with limited toxicity easy clean surfaces should replace or augment the existing commercial easy-release coatings. These new technologies require new business models and infrastructure. The path for a new commercial hull coating, from a concept to the actual product takes 25 to 35 years to complete. Major challenges include fitting in with existing business models and systems and meeting regulations. Leveraging on our experience in the development of additives as a case example, we offer a perspective on what the new fouling management systems might involve and discuss issues to be addressed as limited toxicity easy-clean coatings gain market share. As existing business cannot easily adapt to a different business model, evolution of new management solutions will require resources, a necessary long term perspective, and close working relationships between business and science to enable products in the global market

Fouling and its next generation management: a perspective

The last 50 years of fouling research and management taught us that indiscriminate use of toxic approaches damages ecosystem services of estuaries and oceans critical to man’s existence. Next generation environmentally benign management requires knowledge of the fouling process and an understanding of the consequences of different management options. An intermediate step may be additives that fit with existing business models and distribution systems, but that carry a much reduced environmental footprint. Subsequently, the evolution of a next generation hull fouling management system with limited toxicity easy clean surfaces should replace or augment the existing commercial easy-release coatings. These new technologies require new business models and infrastructure. The path for a new commercial hull coating, from a concept to the actual product takes 25 to 35 years to complete. Major challenges include fitting in with existing business models and systems and meeting regulations. Leveraging on our experience in the development of additives as a case example, we offer a perspective on what the new fouling management systems might involve and discuss issues to be addressed as limited toxicity easy-clean coatings gain market share. As existing business cannot easily adapt to a different business model, evolution of new management solutions will require resources, a necessary long term perspective, and close working relationships between business and science to enable products in the global market.

Larval ecology of the fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa, and its potential effects on dispersal models

10.1016/j.jembe.2015.04.012Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology46976-8

Method for biocidal and/or biostatic treatment and compositions therefor

US20060110456A1Published Applicatio

A Short Review of Laboratory and Field Testing of Environmentally Benign Antifouling Coatings

2067-2074<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">Unlike traditional biocide-based antifouling coatings, emerging antifouling concepts combining environmentally benign materials and biomimetic concepts may require new antifouling assay methods for evaluating activity before the transition from lab to dynamic field test environment. As a result, many new antifouling assays have been introduced in the past few years, each designed to measure specific parameters. However, it is important to keep in mind that emerging novel antifouling systems leverage on synergism between more than one antifouling mechanisms of action. Thus, to understand antifouling activity, it is necessary to evaluate them in different laboratory and natural field environment conditions as polymers may behave differently in static controlled environment and dynamic conditions of the natural marine environment. For field tests, new ways to elucidate performance in smaller scale experiments before transition to larger panel performance tests are needed. In this paper, we discuss the emerging challenges for antifouling testing for R&D.</span

Antifouling Compounds And Use Thereof

US20110092518A1Published Applicatio

Inhibition of barnacle cyprid settlement using low frequency and intensity ultrasound

10.1080/08927014.2012.658511Biofouling282131-141BFOU