Toward a Syntax of the Unsaid: Construing the Sounds of Congressional and Constitutional Silence

Addisson C. Harris Lecture delivered on March 21, 1983, Indiana University School of Law

Structural constraints and excess capacity : An international comparison of manufacturing firms

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: ‘Structural constraints and excess capacity: An international comparison of manufacturing firms’, which has been published in final form at Wiley Online Library 10.1111/dpr.12168 . Under embargo. Embargo end date: 22 July 2018. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Excess capacity results in real and opportunity costs as well as lower factor productivity. Conventionally, variation in capacity utilisation rates has been explained with reference to the business cycles and market imperfections. In this article, we show that these two factors do not always fully explain the causes of idle capacity. Our ndings suggest that manufacturing rms in low-income countries tend to have lower capacity utilisation rates than those in middle- and upper-middle-income groups. To explain this peculiarity, it is proposed in this article that the level of excess capacity partly depends on supply-side conditions and institutional variables. The ndings provide strong support for this view and suggest that there are gains to be made in the manufacturing industries of the lower-income countries through improvements in the structural conditions.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pregnant women in Kilifi, Kenya from March 2020 to March 2022

BackgroundSeroprevalence studies are an alternative approach to estimating the extent of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the evolution of the pandemic in different geographical settings. We aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from March 2020 to March 2022 in a rural and urban setting in Kilifi County, Kenya.MethodsWe obtained representative random samples of stored serum from a pregnancy cohort study for the period March 2020 to March 2022 and tested for antibodies against the spike protein using a qualitative SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kit (Wantai, total antibodies). All positive samples were retested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (Euroimmun, ELISA kits, NCP, qualitative, IgG) and anti-spike protein antibodies (Euroimmun, ELISA kits, QuantiVac; quantitative, IgG).ResultsA total of 2,495 (of 4,703 available) samples were tested. There was an overall trend of increasing seropositivity from a low of 0% [95% CI 0–0.06] in March 2020 to a high of 89.4% [95% CI 83.36–93.82] in Feb 2022. Of the Wantai test-positive samples, 59.7% [95% CI 57.06–62.34] tested positive by the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 NCP test and 37.4% [95% CI 34.83–40.04] tested positive by the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac test. No differences were observed between the urban and rural hospital but villages adjacent to the major highway traversing the study area had a higher seroprevalence.ConclusionAnti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence rose rapidly, with most of the population exposed to SARS-CoV-2 within 23 months of the first cases. The high cumulative seroprevalence suggests greater population exposure to SARS-CoV-2 than that reported from surveillance data

Toward a Syntax of the Unsaid: Construing the Sounds of Congressional and Constitutional Silence

Addisson C. Harris Lecture delivered on March 21, 1983, Indiana University School of Law