On Parting, Separation and Longing in the Chinese Poetic Tradition

The article introduces two conventional themes, namely, parting and separation imbued with longing in the Chinese poetic tradition of the Tang period (618–907). It focuses on the interpretation of selected Tang poems written by the famous poets Wang Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Du Mu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Parting from an old friend, who was usually also a fellow official at the court in the then capital Chang’an (now Xi’an), was a common occasion for versification. More than half of the poems presented and discussed in the article illustrate this poetic genre, since the cult of friendship played an important role in everyday life in traditional China.In addition to parting poems, the article deals also with the second conventional theme: separation and longing between husband and wife. This topic, too, was often transformed into poems expressing the helplessness and despair of one of the partners due to a long-time absence of the other. Despite all the suffering, there is always hope of a reunion eventually.Both groups of poems are permeated with feelings of sadness and melancholy embodied in a simple, yet elegant language. Linguistic simplicity is a significant feature of the traditional Chinese poetry which culminated in the Hight Tang, i.e. in the eighth century

China’s New Poetry or Into the Mist

The late 1970s and early 1980s represent a period of important innovation in the development of contemporary Chinese poetry. As this was highly personal and experimental, it soon became characterized as being “misty” or “obscure”. A new generation of young poets questioned the Chinese cultural tradition and expressed the need for its re-evaluation. They tried to re-examine the meaning of literature, and while doing so, they based the foundation for their poetry on the tradition and the spirit of personal freedom and democracy of the May 4th Movement (1919), having been at the same time strongly influenced by the Western modernist poetry, in which they found alternative fresh ideas

Measurements of infiltration and water repellency on different soils

Infiltration is a process of water entering soil from its surface. Field measurements of infiltration are performed with infiltrometers. Calculation of hydraulic conductivity can be done by different equations. Infiltration exhibits large spatial and temporal variability due to many affecting factors. One of those effects is soil water repellency (hydrophobicity). Water-repellent soils do not wet up spontaneously. The intensity and persistence of water repellency vary widely due to variability in individual or combined effects of environment.\ud The objective of the research study was to measure infiltration and water repellency of three different soils and two different land uses with different methods. The results were then compared with each other and with the results of other scientist. The infiltration was measured with mini disk infiltrometer and double ring infiltrometer. Water repellancy was determined by the water drop penetration time (WDPT) and a relatively new method with mini disk infiltrometer (MDI). Field measurments were performed on experimental watershed of Glinščica river in summer of 2012.\ud Comparing the results of measurements under both vegetation covers, infiltration on soil under grass was higher than on soil covered with forest. Different calculation methods of hydraulic conductivity gave different results. Repellency was determined in surface samples of all tree soils of different textural types. Repellency level was much higher for soils under forest than on soils under grass. The analysis of the results showed significant correlation between infiltration and repellency.\u