The Romanian Curriculum of Early Education and Primary Education

The article analyzes the Romanian curriculum specific to primary and preschool education. The article focuses on the curriculum approved in 2011 for primary education, respectively the one approved in 2019 for early education. The analysis between the primary education curriculum and the early education curriculum follows the specifics of the curriculum, the purpose, the values promoted, the focus on the formation of the respective behavioral competencies. The analysis is performed on the basis of the educational policy documents elaborated by the Institute of Education Sciences and on the official curricular documents elaborated and approved by the Romanian Ministry of National Education

Persistent Depressive Disorder: the Clinical Approach of the Patient Associating Depression and Dental Pathology - Case Report and Clinical Considerations

Growing research literature has documented an increased association between depression and dental problems. Patients with severe dental problems suffer from psychosocial consequences, distress and psychiatric problems.AIM: To emphasize the relationship between resistant depression and poor dental health.METHOD:  This case report demonstrates the association between resistant depression and poor dental health in a 46-year-old female patient. Scores on clinical assessment measures suggested clinically severe levels of anxiety, worry, stigmatization, depression, sleeping and eating disorders and decreased satisfaction in quality of life at the beginning of the intervention. The theoretical rationale and treatment implications are presented.RESULTS: The scores on all these measures improved at the end of the dental interventions and no intense remaining depressive symptoms were reported afterward. Increased scores on life satisfaction and quality of life were documented as well. This case illustrates the potential benefit of dental treatment associating psychiatric treatment. A definitively positive association exists between poor dental health and depression. Once simultaneous treatment is initiated, there are chances for patients to have a positive evolution and social reinsertion.CONCLUSION: The high occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress among patients with dental problems highlights the importance of providing support programs and implementing preventive measures to anticipate and help persons with this type of pathology, particularly those who are most susceptible to higher levels of these psychological conditions.</p

The Interaction of Tungsten Dust with Human Skin Cells

In this chapter, we evaluate the tungsten (W) nanoparticle toxicity with respect to the normal human skin fibroblast cell. Tungsten dust formation is expected in the tokamak-type nuclear fusion installations, regarded as future devices for large-scale, sustainable, and carbon-free energy. This dust, composed of tungsten particles of variable size, from nanometers to micrometers, could be harmful to humans in the case of loss of vacuum accident (LOVA). In order to undertake the toxicity studies, tokamak-relevant dust has been deliberately produced in laboratory and afterward analyzed. Following that, cytotoxicity tests were performed using normal human skin fibroblast cell lines, BJ ATCC CRL 2522. Our study concludes that, at a low concentration (until 100 μg/mL), no cytotoxic effect of tungsten nanoparticles was observed. In contrast, at higher concentrations (up to 2 mg/mL), nanometric dust presents toxic effects on the cells

3-D Echocardiography Is Feasible and More Reproducible than 2-D Echocardiography for In-Training Echocardiographers in Follow-up of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Left ventricular volumes (LVVs) and ejection fraction (LVEF) are key elements in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Therefore, a feasible and reproducible imaging method to be used by both experienced and in-training echocardiographers is mandatory. Our aim was to establish if, in a large echo lab, echocardiographers in-training provide feasible and more reproducible results for the evaluation of patients with HFrEF when using 3-dimensional echocardiography (3-DE) versus 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE). Sixty patients with HFrEF (46 males, age: 58 ± 17 y) underwent standard transthoracic 2-D acquisitions and 3-D multibeat full volumes of the left ventricle. One expert user in echocardiography (expert) and three echocardiographers with different levels of training in 2-DE (beginner, medium and advanced) measured the 2-D LVVs and LVEFs on the same consecutive images of patients with HFrEF. Afterward, the expert performed a 1-mo training in 3-DE analysis of the users, and both the expert and trainees measured the 3-D LVVs and LVEF of the same patients. Measurements provided by the expert and all trainees in echo were compared. Six patients were excluded from the study because of poor image quality. The mean end-diastolic LVV of the remaining 54 patients was 214 ± 75 mL with 2-DE and 233 ± 77 mL with 3-DE. Mean LVEF was 35 ± 10% with 2-DE and 33 ± 10% with 3-DE. Our analysis revealed that, compared with the expert user, the trainees had acceptable reproducibility for the 2-DE measurements, according to their level of expertise in 2-DE (intra-class coefficients [ICCs] ranging from 0.75 to 0.94). However, after the short training in 3-DE, they provided feasible and more reproducible measurements of the 3-D LVVs and LVEF (ICCs ranging from 0.89-0.97) than they had with 2-DE. 3-DE is a feasible, rapidly learned and more reproducible method for the assessment of LVVs and LVEF than 2-DE, regardless of the basic level of expertise in 2-DE of the trainees in echocardiography. In echo labs with a wide range of staff experience, 3-DE might be a more accurate method for the follow-up of patients with HFrEF

The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in Bistrița-Năsăud county during 2013-2017

Bovine tuberculosis is still a problem, both in terms of economic losses, animal health and the increased risk of human infections. Limited possibilities of veterinarians to diagnose and control tuberculosis could result in a rapid spread of this disease in cattle herds and making the eradication procedures longer and less efficient. Correct and accurate diagnosis of positive animals in the database and their culling could lead to the eradication of bovine tuberculosis from Romania. The aim of this study was the epidemiological and microbiological evaluation of bovine tuberculosis status on a 5 year interval (2013-2017) in Bistriţa-Năsăud County. Laboratory techniques have highlighted the presence of Mycobacterium bovis on microscopic fields, tuberculosis lesions in the organs using histological preparations and the growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. The most important screening technique for the diagnosis is the tuberculin test. From the total number of 375644 cattle tested over the 5-year interval, 364558 (97.04%) have been the subject of this tuberculin intradermal reaction. A total of 757 animals have shown an inconclusive result to the initial single test, all these have been retested 42 days later with the comparative simultaneous test, and just 27 came positive. From the total of 225 cattle diagnosed as positive, just 19 have been confirmed by pathological, cultural and experimental infection on guinea pigs

Tungsten Nanoparticles Produced by Magnetron Sputtering Gas Aggregation: Process Characterization and Particle Properties

Tungsten and tungsten nanoparticles are involved in a series of processes, in nanotechnology, metallurgy, and fusion technology. Apart from chemical methods, nanoparticle synthesis by plasma offers advantages as good control of size, shape, and surface chemistry. The plasma methods are also environmentally friendly. In this chapter, we present aspects related to the magnetron sputtering gas aggregation (MSGA) process applied to synthesis of tungsten nanoparticles, with size in the range of tens to hundreds of nanometers. We present the MSGA process and its peculiarities in the case of tungsten nanoparticle synthesis. The properties of the obtained particles with a focus on the influence of the process parameters over the particle production rate, their size, morphology, and structure are discussed. To the end, we emphasize the utility of such particles for assessing the environmental and biological impacts in case of using tungsten as wall material in thermonuclear fusion reactors

The Differences between the Military Field and the Civilian Fields in Terms of Intercultural Competence

This study aimed at investigating significant differences in the level of intercultural competence of students before attending an internship of international mobility by the intermediary of the Erasmus Plus program, depending on their field of study. The three areas of study that imply the students attending the research are: military, exact science and humanities. The research was processed by a questionnaire measuring the level of intercultural competence, the items being structured on the three dimensions of intercultural competence: knowledge, attitudes and abilities. The results indicate that significant differences exist only at the level of the attitude’s component, the highest average being registered for the field of exact sciences

The Intercultural Competence of Military Students in the Context of International Mobility

This study aims to evaluate intercultural competence for military students before they go on an international mobility stage and after its completion, in order to see if intercultural competence is formed in real intercultural contexts. In the study, we addressed both theoretical and practical aspects of intercultural competence. As an instrument for data collection, an intercultural competency assessment questionnaire was used and, following its application, it was found that the high level of the “knowledge” component of intercultural competence determines a higher level of the other two elements - “attitudes” and “skills”

THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY. TRAINING NEEDS

In recent decades, intercultural competence has become increasingly appreciated by students doing international mobility internships, being seen as a response to the challenges they may encounter during such an internship. The study aims to identify learners' perceptions of intercultural competence, as well as their possible training needs in this competence, before their participation in an international mobility internship, through the Erasmus Plus program. The study data were collected by applying a questionnaire, which was administered before the students' participation in the mobility internship. The study involved 130 students, 62 male and 68 female, aged between 19 and 50 years. The data analysis indicates that students perceive intercultural competence as important for completing an internship in international academic mobility. This competence, they believe, would help them to know and understand better, but also to respect the norms, traditions and customs of the host culture. At the same time, this competence would help students in both professional and personal development. The results can be used to create a training program for students who will participate in mobility internships

Intercultural Competence: Applications in Military Domain

This study investigates gender differences, differences by years of study, in terms of intercultural competence of military students, before an internship in international mobility. On the other hand, we have also shown that there is a causal relationship between intercultural attitudes and knowledge. The results of our study can be used in the realization of an intercultural competence training program