L’ornement dans les parterres de jardins : xvie-xviiie siècles

Au premier regard, la structure bidimensionnelle de l’ornement semble s’opposer au caractère spatial du jardin. L’ornement s’illustre ainsi tout particulièrement dans l’aménagement des secteurs plats du terrain, que ce soit dans les parterres du jardin à la française ou dans le pleasure ground du jardin paysager, situés à proximité des bâtiments. La recherche internationale sur l’art des jardins en général, et sur la Renaissance et l’époque baroque en particulier, a considérablement progressé..

Hochspezialisierte ambulante Versorgung in Krankenhäusern: eine empirische Abschätzung von Kosten, Erlösen und mögliche Strategien

'Ambulante Behandlungen im Krankenhaus werden vom Gesetzgeber zunehmend gefördert. Angesichts möglicher Kostenunterdeckungen und Mengenbudgetierungen ist die Wahl der besten Strategie für Krankenhäuser bisher unklar. Auf der Basis von 16.171 an 6 Hochschulkliniken in Deutschland prospektiv dokumentierten Konsultationen in Ermächtigungsambulanzen (3.219 Konsultationen) und Hochschulambulanzen (12.952 Konsultationen) wurden von den Autoren Kosten und Erlöse gegenüber gestellt. Der Deckungsgrad lag je nach Ambulanzart bei 27% bis 29% bezogen auf die Gesamtkosten (44% bis 47% bezogen auf die Primärkosten). Da diese Unterdeckung zu einer Unterversorgung der Bevölkerung bei spezialisierter ambulanter Behandlung führen kann, ist auch aus gesundheitspolitischer Sicht eine Überprüfung der Finanzierung sinnvoll.' (Autorenreferat)'The delivery of ambulatory care in hospitals is broadened by legislative actions in Germany. However, best strategies for hospitals are unclear due to consideration of costs, reimbursements and budgeting. We included 16,171 prospectively documented consultations from six university hospitals in Germany. The ratio of reimbursement to total cost was 27% to 29%, concerning to the type of ambulatory care. (44% to 47% concerning to variable costs). This financial deficit could cause a shortage of highly specialized ambulatory services. Health policy interventions might be necessary.' (author's abstract)

Contested Heritage

In the wake of the Nazi regime’s policies, European Jewish cultural property was dispersed, dislocated, and destroyed. Books, manuscripts, and artworks were either taken by their fleeing owners and were transferred to different places worldwide, or they fell prey to systematic looting and destruction under German occupation. Until today, a significant amount of items can be found in private and public collections in Germany as well as abroad with an unclear or disputed provenance. Contested Heritage. Jewish Cultural Property after 1945 illuminates the political and cultural implications of Jewish cultural property looted and displaced during the Holocaust. The volume includes seventeen essays, accompanied by newly discovered archival material and illustrations, which address a wide range of topics: from the shifting meaning and character of the objects themselves, the so-called object biographies, their restitution processes after 1945, conflicting ideas about their appropriate location, political interests in their preservation, actors and networks involved in salvage operations, to questions of intellectual and cultural transfer processes revolving around the moving objects and their literary resonances. Thus, it offers a fascinating insight into lesser-known dimensions of the aftermath of the Holocaust and the history of Jews in postwar Europe

Contested Heritage

In the wake of the Nazi regime’s policies, European Jewish cultural property was dispersed, dislocated, and destroyed. Books, manuscripts, and artworks were either taken by their fleeing owners and were transferred to different places worldwide, or they fell prey to systematic looting and destruction under German occupation. Until today, a significant amount of items can be found in private and public collections in Germany as well as abroad with an unclear or disputed provenance. Contested Heritage. Jewish Cultural Property after 1945 illuminates the political and cultural implications of Jewish cultural property looted and displaced during the Holocaust. The volume includes seventeen essays, accompanied by newly discovered archival material and illustrations, which address a wide range of topics: from the shifting meaning and character of the objects themselves, the so-called object biographies, their restitution processes after 1945, conflicting ideas about their appropriate location, political interests in their preservation, actors and networks involved in salvage operations, to questions of intellectual and cultural transfer processes revolving around the moving objects and their literary resonances. Thus, it offers a fascinating insight into lesser-known dimensions of the aftermath of the Holocaust and the history of Jews in postwar Europe

Trust and Reciprocity: Are Effort and Money Equivalent?

Trust and reciprocity facilitate cooperation and are relevant to virtually all human interactions. They are typically studied using trust games: one subject gives (entrusts) money to another subject, which may return some of the proceeds (reciprocate). Currently, however, it is unclear whether trust and reciprocity in monetary transactions are similar in other settings, such as physical effort. Trust and reciprocity of physical effort are important as many everyday decisions imply an exchange of physical effort, and such exchange is central to labor relations. Here we studied a trust game based on physical effort and compared the results with those of a computationally equivalent monetary trust game. We found no significant difference between effort and money conditions in both the amount trusted and the quantity reciprocated. Moreover, there is a high positive correlation in subjects' behavior across conditions. This suggests that trust and reciprocity may be character traits: subjects that are trustful/trustworthy in monetary settings behave similarly during exchanges of physical effort. Our results validate the use of trust games to study exchanges in physical effort and to characterize inter-subject differences in trust and reciprocity, and also suggest a new behavioral paradigm to study these differences