La collaboration école-famille-communauté au sein d’une école privée efficace : quels types de relation et de soutien sont privilégiés ?

L’établissement de pratiques collaboratives entre l’école, la famille et la communauté (ÉFC) apparaît comme un enjeu incontournable pour maximiser les chances de réussite des élèves. Cependant, il est difficile de cerner ces pratiques parce qu’elles sont très diversifiées en matière de types et de fréquence d’activités et de partenaires impliqués selon les établissements scolaires, l’ordre d’enseignement (le préscolaire, le primaire et le secondaire) et les caractéristiques des élèves et de leurs familles (statut socioéconomique, immigration récente, intégration d’élèves handicapés ou en difficulté d’adaptation ou d’apprentissage, etc.), (De Saedeleer et al., 2004 ; Larivée, Terrisse et Kalubi, 2006). Mais qu’en est-il de la collaboration ÉFC dans les écoles privées jugées efficaces ? Quels sont les types de pratiques privilégiés ? Quelles sont les conditions de réalisation et les modalités de gestion de la collaboration ÉFC ? Dans ce texte, nous abordons ces questions liées aux pratiques collaboratives ÉFC en étudiant spécifiquement la situation d’une école privée jugée efficace au plan de la réussite scolaire et accueillant des élèves d’âge préscolaire, primaire et secondaire. Plus spécifiquement, nous analysons les types de relations et de soutien privilégiés par cette école à l’égard des parents et des membres de la communauté. D’une manière générale, les résultats indiquent de façon significative que les pratiques de collaboration ÉFC privilégiées par le personnel scolaire et les parents se situent autour de deux types d’activités : les communications entre l’école et la famille ; le suivi et l’encadrement des devoirs et des leçons.The establishment of collaborative practices between the school, the family and the community (SFC) appears as a key issue to maximize the chances of success of students. However, it is difficult to identify these practices because they are very diverse in terms of types and frequency of activities and partners involved depending on the school, the level of education (preschool, primary and secondary) and the characteristics of students and their families (socioeconomic status, recent immigration, integration of students with special needs, etc.) (De Saedeleer et al., 2004, Larivée, Terrisse et Kalubi, 2006). But what about SFC collaboration in context of private schools and effective schools? What are the types of preferred practices? What are the conditions of realization and the management modalities of the SFC collaboration? In this text, we address these issues related to SFC collaborative practices by specifically studying the situation of a private school deemed effective in terms of academic success and welcoming preschool, primary and secondary school students. More specifically, we analyze the types of relationships and support that this school promote with parents and community members. In general, the results indicate significantly that the SFC collaboration practices favored by school staff and parents revolve around two types of activities: communication between the school and the family; follow-up and supervision of homework and lessons.El establecimiento de unas prácticas colaborativas entre la escuela, la familia y la comunidad (EFC) surge como un reto indispensable para maximizar las oportunidades de éxito de los alumnos. No obstante, resulta complicado identificar estas prácticas porque son muy variadas en términos de tipo y de frecuencia de actividades y de colaboradores implicados según los establecimientos escolares, el nivel de enseñanza (preescolar, primaria y secundaria) y las características de los alumnos y de sus familias (posición socioeconómica, inmigración reciente, integración de alumnos con discapacidades o con dificultades de adaptación o de aprendizaje, etc.) (De Saedeleer et al., 2004; Larivée, Terrisse et Kalubi, 2006). Pero, ¿qué pasa con la colaboración EFC en las escuelas privadas consideradas eficaces? ¿A qué tipo de prácticas se da preferencia? ¿Cuáles son las condiciones de realización y las modalidades de gestión de la colaboración EFC? En este texto, abordamos estas cuestiones asociadas con las prácticas colaborativas EFC por medio del estudio específico de la situación de una escuela privada considerada eficaz en lo que respecta al éxito escolar y con alumnos de preescolar, primaria y secundaria. De una manera más específica, analizamos los tipos de relaciones y apoyo preferentes de esta escuela en lo que se refiere a los padres y los miembros de la comunidad. En términos generales, los resultados implican, de forma significativa, que las prácticas de colaboración EFC preferentes para el personal escolar y los padres se articulan en torno a dos tipos de actividades: la comunicación entre la escuela y la familia, el seguimiento y la supervisión de los deberes y de las unidades

Placental impression smears is a good indicator of placental malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.

INTRODUCTION: Placental malaria (PM) is an important predictor of infant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Although placental histology is the gold standard test to diagnose PM, the placenta impression smears remains widely used in epidemiological studies. This study is set to evaluate the performance of placental impression smears to detect PM in pregnant women in southern Benin. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on data collected in the framework a multicenter randomized clinical trial (Malaria in Pregnancy Preventive and Alternative Drugs). Samples from 491 pregnant women were examined in the district of Allada, Southern Benin. Plasmodium falciparum infections have been assessed in placental blood and placental biopsy. RESULTS: Placental malaria detected by placenta impression smears and histology were prevalent in 11.4% and 10.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of placental impression smears were 90.6% and 98.4%. Among 55 pregnant women tested positive by placenta impression smears, 48 were positive by the histology, while 7 were negative (positive predictive value: 87.3%). Four hundred and twenty four (424) of the 429 tested negative by the placenta impression smears, were also negative according to histology whereas the rest (5 of 429) of the women were positive (negative predictive value: 98.8%). CONCLUSION: Placenta impression smear is an accurate and easy method for the diagnosis of placental malaria

Impact of mobile phone intervention on intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Burkina Faso : A pragmatic randomized trial.

PURPOSE: Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for pregnant women (IPTp-SP) coverage remains far below the desirable goal of at least three doses before delivery. This study evaluates an innovative intervention using mobile phones as a means of increasing coverage for the third dose of IPTp-SP. METHODS: This study in Burkina Faso was designed as an open-label, pragmatic, two-arm, randomised trial. Pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic (ANC) visits were included at their first ANC visit and followed until delivery. The intervention was built around the use of mobile phones as means ensuring direct tracking of pregnant women. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-eight (248) pregnant women were included in the study. The proportion of women who received at least three doses of IPTp-SP was 54.6 %. In the intervention group, 54.1 % of women received at least three doses of IPTp-SP versus 55.1 % in the control group, a non-significant difference (adjusted odds ratio "aOR", 0.86 ; 95 % confidence interval "95 % CI", 0.49-1.51). Women in the intervention group were more likely to carry out their ANC visits in a timely manner than those in the control group (aOR, 3.21 ; 95 % CI, 1.91-5.39). CONCLUSION: While mobile phone intervention did not increase the proportion of women receiving three doses of IPTp-SP, it did help to increase the proportion of timely ANC visits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PACTR202106905150440

Evaluation of the Performance of Expanded Immunization Programme Supply Chain and Logistics Management in Southern Benin Rural Health District

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the performance of the expanded immunization programme's (EPI) supply chain of and logistics management in Comé health district in 2015. This cross-sectional and evaluative study concerned the central deposit of vaccines and 19 health care centers randomly selected. Data on the performance of EIP supply chain of and logistics management were collected from 5 to 30 March 2015 using direct observation, document exploitation, questionnaire and individual interview in 20 health workers directly involved in EIP activities and 59 mothers of children aged 0-11 months. The performance of the supply chain and logistics management was assessed through three components "structure", "process" and "results" using predetermined score of two scales seeking for achievement of criterions included in components. The overall performance of the EIP's supply chain and logistics in the health district of Comé was rated fair (score = 75.2%). The performance level was good for "structure" (score = 90.3%), acceptable for the "process" (score = 79, 85%) and poor for the "results" of the management of supply chain and logistics (score = 59.48%). The level of performance EIP supply chain and logistics was sub-optimal. Adequate measures should be considered to improve the component "result" of the EIP supply chain and logistics management in the health district of Comé

BMC Womens Health

BACKGROUND: Violence against women remains an important issue of inequality in African societies, with several consequences to health, social and economic status. This study aims to identify the factors related to the perception of intimate partner violence in Benin. METHODS: Data on intimate partner violence was collected by conducting live interviews, and from the Benin Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The dependent variable was acceptance of intimate partner violence. The independent variables were socio-demographic features such as age, level of education, matrimonial status, ethnicity, religion, place of residence and the index of economic well-being. Logistic regressions were performed and odds ratios (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% (CI95%) were estimated. RESULTS: Among the 21,574 people who answered the questions relating to violence against women by an intimate partner, the prevalence of acceptance of intimate partner violence was 15.77%. Ethnicity, level of education, administrative department of residence, religion, and socio-economic quintile were factors associated with the respondents' acceptance of violence against women by an intimate partner. CONCLUSION: Acceptance of intimate partner violence could be a major obstacle to the success of some health programs. There is a need to break the norms that support the vulnerability of women in Beninese society

Un islam confrérique au Burkina Faso. Actualité et mémoire d'une branche de la Tijâniyya

Vers 1920, dans le Yatenga, en pays mossi (Burkina Faso) un homme, Aboubakr Sawadogo, revient dans son pays après un long périple à pied qui en plusieurs années le conduira à la Mecque. De son pèlerinage, il acquiert un savoir religieux et un prestige symbolique considérable. Il est désormais le cheikh Aboubakr. Entouré de ses premiers adeptes, prêchant un islam combatif à l’égard des traditions de la société mossi, il s’inscrit dans le sillage de la Tijânyya hamalliste des « onze grains ». C’est alors qu’il formule le projet d’une ville auréolée de la sainteté : Ramatoulaye. Pour cela, il n’hésitera pas à bousculer l’organisation de la société mossi, dont son système de parenté. Cet ouvrage repose sur une recherche de long terme menée dans la ville sainte. Aujourd’hui dirigée par le troisième successeur du fondateur, Ramatoulaye continue à attirer des fidèles. La célébration du Mouloud voit des milliers de pèlerins accourir du Burkina Faso, de la Côte d’Ivoire, du Mali, du Ghana et d’ailleurs. La ville apparaît comme un modèle en matière de sécurité des personnes et des biens, mais aussi de sécurité alimentaire et d’ordre. Pour combien de temps, les règles de conduite imposées par le fondateur – la séparation des sexes, l’interdiction du football, en passant par la méfiance à l’égard des images et de la musique, par exemple – parviendront-elles à régir l’ordre social de Ramatoulaye ? Pour combien de temps l’économie religieuse fondée sur le Mouloud, l’offre d’enseignement et les dons parviendra-t-elle à garantir la pérennité de la ville ? Pour répondre au défi de son devenir, la confrérie a élargi depuis des années ses liens avec l’État burkinabé et a multiplié ses relations internationales. Elle est ainsi confrontée à des choix politiques et à des tactiques conséquentes. Elle se trouve également immergée dans les dynamiques de l’islam mondial, face à la confrontation entre spiritualisme mystique et néosalafisme. La confrérie et ses dirigeants sont mis au défi de gérer les changements, de parvenir à échapper à la routinisation du charisme et de renouveler leur vision spirituelle