Illustration of the negative correlation of the performances on sorghum and sugarcane of four isofemale lineages in the laboratory host transfer experiments.

<p>The lineages belong to three MLGs: Ms11 (circles), Ms15 (squares), or Ms16 (triangles). Vertical and horizontal bars represent the standard errors of means.</p

COI haplotype network (top), in which <i>Melanaphis sacchari</i> COI sequences originating from the present study are numbered from 1 to 3.

<p><i>M. sacchari</i> GenBank COI sequences from India <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106067#pone.0106067-Rebijith1" target="_blank">[44]</a> are numbered 4 (JX051388, JX05189, JX051390) and 5 (HQ112185, JX051402). Mj  =  <i>Melanaphis japonica</i> COI sequence from GenBank (GU457792). Distribution as a function of host plant (middle): sorghum (blue) vs. sugarcane (red). Distribution as a function of MLL (bottom): A (green), B (blue), C (yellow), D (violin), E (red).</p

Observed microsatellite Multi Locus Genotypes (MLG): allele size (bp) at each locus, distribution by host plant and in each of the five Multi Locus Lineages (MLL) defined with GENCLONE. Within MLL allelic variations are in bold.

<p>Observed microsatellite Multi Locus Genotypes (MLG): allele size (bp) at each locus, distribution by host plant and in each of the five Multi Locus Lineages (MLL) defined with GENCLONE. Within MLL allelic variations are in bold.</p

Relative geographical within-state distribution of Multilocus lineages (MLL).

<p>The size of circle is not proportional to the size of the sample. Aus  =  Australia, Bra  =  Brazil, Col  =  Columbia, Ecu  =  Ecuador, Gua  =  Guadeloupe, Haw  =  Hawaii, Lou  =  Louisiana, Mar  =  Martinique, Mau  =  Mauritius, Run  =  Reunion Island, Ben  =  Benin, Cam  =  Cameroon, Nig  =  Niger, Chi  =  China, Ken  =  Kenya.</p

Minimum spanning network of <i>Melanaphis sacchari</i> microsatellite distances computed as the number of allele differences between MLGs.

<p>Each node represents one step in the network, i.e. a distance of one allele. The numbers in the circles refer to the numbers given to MLGs in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143704#pone.0143704.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Characteristics of samples.

<p>Characteristics of samples.</p

Prevalence of the three most frequent MLGs on sorghum (white bars) and sugarcane (grey bars) samples.

<p>Vertical lines represent standard errors of prevalences.</p

Laboratory comparison of fitness trade-offs in three MLGs.

<p>Ms11 (circles), Ms15 (squares), or Ms16 (triangles). Host transfer experiments were carried out with four isofemale lineages derived from individuals collected either on sorghum (white symbols) or on sugarcane (grey symbols). The figure represents the mean number of aphids per sugarcane or sorghum plantlet 240 hours after 12 plantlets had each been infested with 10 individuals. The experiment was repeated three times. Vertical lines represent the standard errors of means.</p

Minimum spanning network of <i>Melanaphis sacchari</i> microsatellite distances computed as the number of allele differences between MLGs. Each node represents one step in the network, i.e. a distance of one allele.

<p>The numbers in the circles represent MLGs according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106067#pone-0106067-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Coloured backgrounds represent the Multi Locus Lineages (MLLs). MLGs in the same dashed line box share the same COI haplotype.</p

Factorial correspondence analysis of microsatellite data with GENETIX.

<p>Each symbol represents one of the 36 MLGs. Colours and letters refer to Multilocus Lineage (MLL) assignment with GENCLONE.</p