Preparation of a nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) kit at MSF-Logistique, Mérignac, France.

<p>Photo credit: V. Carlier/MSF-Logistique.</p

Study profile: selection of study patients.

<p>Patients from 12 Médecins Sans Frontières sites in Uganda, Sudan, Angola, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo, 1995–2006. ^a Among these 906 exclusions there are 125 patients that relapsed before 6 months (hence falling out of the scope of this study); ^b Tolerance window up to 9 months.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients included in each analysis.

<p>First analysis: leukocytes at 6 months, excluding relapses at 6 months; Second analysis: leukocytes at 6 months, including relapses at 6 months, two-step algorithms. Combination treatment: within this selected cohort, it included melarsoprol-eflornithine, nifurtimox-eflornithine and melarsoprol-nifurtimox combinations. Coma score: Glasgow Coma Scale assessing the level of consciousness. Interpretation: 3–8 = severe impairment; 9–12 = moderate impairment; 13–14 = mild impairment; 15 = normal <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001662#pntd.0001662-Teasdale1" target="_blank">[13]</a>; Karnofsky index <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001662#pntd.0001662-Mor1" target="_blank">[14]</a>.</p

Comparison of several two-steps (6 and 12 months) algorithms for early outcome determination.

a<p>As reported by Mumba 2010, “algorithm C”: includes deaths as treatment failures and patients with incomplete follow-up;</p>b<p>Same algorithm tested with our dataset including only laboratory-confirmed outcomes. LR: Likelihood ratio. False cured: fraction of patients that are wrongly classified as cured by the algorithm.</p

Evolution of the CSF leucocytes count by final treatment outcome, by treatment group and overall.

<p>CSF leucocytes count expressed as the median and interquartile range (IQR). Cohort of 1822 patients having a leukocytes count performed at 6 months and not relapsing at 6 months or earlier, who had a complete follow-up. Values at month 0 are pre-treatment measurements. The number of patients per group is shown at each time point. Dotted lines are used to signify that samples over time contain some different patients.</p

Performance of different cut-off values of CSF leucocytes count at 6 months for the detection of relapse.

<p>Performance of different cut-off values of CSF leucocytes count at 6 months for the detection of relapse.</p

Correlation of BD Vacutainer CD4 Stabilization Tube sample results on BD FacsCount and Partec Cyflow over time.

<p>^a Compared with EDTA sample results on BD FacsCount at Day 0 (reference methodology).</p><p>^b Comparing same day results of BD Vacutainer CD4 Stabilization Tubes on BD FacsCount and Partec Cyflow cytometers.</p><p>^c Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.</p><p>^d Partec Cyflow Stabilization Tube sample results at day 30 censored due to small sample size.</p><p>BD: Becton Dickinson; CD4: Cluster of Differentiation Type 4.</p><p>Correlation of BD Vacutainer CD4 Stabilization Tube sample results on BD FacsCount and Partec Cyflow over time.</p

Percentage of correctly classified BD Vacutainer CD4 Stabilization Tube sample results on BD FacsCount for ART eligibility thresholds of 350 and 500 CD4 cells/μL over time with EDTA tube results on FacsCount at day 0 as reference methodology.

<p>ART: Anti-retroviral therapy. CD4: Cluster of Differentiation Type 4. CI: Confidence Interval.</p><p>Percentage of correctly classified BD Vacutainer CD4 Stabilization Tube sample results on BD FacsCount for ART eligibility thresholds of 350 and 500 CD4 cells/μL over time with EDTA tube results on FacsCount at day 0 as reference methodology.</p

RAMS among patients with virological failure (VL>5.000 copies/ml) amplified and evaluated by genotyping.

<p>RAMS among patients with virological failure (VL>5.000 copies/ml) amplified and evaluated by genotyping.</p

Essential program components of Médecins Sans Frontières Chagas disease diagnosis and treatment projects in Central and South America, 1999–2008.

<p>Essential program components of Médecins Sans Frontières Chagas disease diagnosis and treatment projects in Central and South America, 1999–2008.</p