107 research outputs found

    Les relations entre communautés linguistiques en contexte scolaire et communautaire : regards croisés sur Montréal et Bruxelles

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    L’objectif de cet article est de prĂ©senter et de comparer le rĂŽle des milieux communautaires et scolaires dans les rapports entre communautĂ©s linguistiques historiques de MontrĂ©al et de Bruxelles. MĂȘme si ces deux contextes linguistiques sont diffĂ©rents Ă  bien des Ă©gards, ils partagent deux caractĂ©ristiques qui laissent croire que l’une et l’autre des communautĂ©s puissent apprendre de l’expĂ©rience qu’elles ont dĂ©veloppĂ©e en parallĂšle, soit : un contexte d’ambiguĂŻtĂ© de dominance ethnique et un systĂšme scolaire divisĂ© linguistiquement. Sur base de recherches rĂ©centes, nous ferons le bilan de l’état des rapports dans les milieux scolaires et communautaires entre francophones et anglophones montrĂ©alais d’une part (PagĂ© et al. 2007, CĂŽtĂ© 2005) et entre jeunes francophones et nĂ©erlandophones Ă  Bruxelles d’autre part (Mettewie 2004, Janssens et Van Mensel 2006). L’impact de ce contact intercommunautaire sur les reprĂ©sentations et les attitudes fera Ă©merger, en conclusion, des questions qui, Ă  la lecture de ces deux contextes, induisent des pistes de recherches complĂ©mentaires et comparatives.The objective of this article is to present and compare the role of community and school milieus through relationships between the historical linguistic communities of MontrĂ©al and Brussels. Although these two linguistic contexts differ in many ways, they share two characteristics, which suggest that each of these communities could learn from the experience they developed in parallel – a context of the ambiguity of ethnic dominance and a linguistically divided school system. On the basis of recent research, we will examine the connections in the school and community milieus between French- and English-speaking MontrĂ©alers (PagĂ© et al. 2007, CĂŽtĂ© 2005) and between young French-speaking and Dutch-speaking students (Mettewie 2004, Janssens and Van Mensel 2006). In conclusion, the impact this intercommunity contact has on representations and attitudes brings out questions which, in examining these two contexts, reveals possibilities for complimentary and comparative research.El objetivo de este artĂ­culo es presentar y comparar el rol de los medios comunitarios y escolares en las relaciones entre comunidades lingĂŒĂ­sticas histĂłricas en Montreal y en Bruselas. Aunque dichos contextos lingĂŒĂ­sticos difieran en muchos aspectos, comparten dos caracterĂ­sticas que permiten pensar que ambas comunidades puedan aprender de la experiencia que de manera paralela han vivido, es decir: un contexto de ambigĂŒedad en el campo Ă©tnico y un sistema escolar lingĂŒĂ­sticamente dividido. BasĂĄndonos en investigaciones recientes, realizaremos un balance de las relaciones en el medio escolar y comunitario entre francĂłfonos y anglĂłfonos en Montreal (PagĂ© et al, 2007; CotĂ© 2005) y entre los jĂłvenes francĂłfonos y neerlandeses en Bruselas (Mattewie 2004; Janssens y Van Mensel 2006). El impacto del contacto Ă­nter-comunitario sobre las representaciones y las actitudes mostrarĂĄ, en conclusiĂłn, cuestiones que de acuerdo con la lectura de dichos contextos, sugieren pistas complementarias y comparativas de investigaciĂłn

    Les trajectoires d'adhésion à l'hormonothérapie adjuvante au cours des cinq ans suivant l'initiation chez les femmes ayant eu un cancer du sein non-métastatique

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    MalgrĂ© les bĂ©nĂ©fices de l’hormonothĂ©rapie adjuvante (HA) pour rĂ©duire les risques de rĂ©cidive et de mortalitĂ© suite Ă  un cancer du sein hormono dĂ©pendant, l’adhĂ©sion Ă  l’HA est sous-optimale pour une grande proportion de femmes. Toutefois, les connaissances sur les patrons longitudinaux d’adhĂ©sion Ă  l’HA demeurent limitĂ©es. Cette Ă©tude visait Ă  : 1)identifier les trajectoires d’adhĂ©sion Ă  l’HA pour les cinq ans suivant l’initiation; 2) dĂ©crire les trajectoires en utilisant des mesures traditionnelles d’adhĂ©sion (p.ex. la proportion de jours couverts (PJC)); 3) explorer les facteurs associĂ©s aux trajectoires. Une Ă©tude de cohorte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  partir d’une enquĂȘte nationale française incluant des donnĂ©es administratives de dispensation d’HA. Les femmes ayant un diagnostic de cancer du sein non-mĂ©tastatiqueet ≄1 dispensation d’HA au cours des 12 mois suivant le diagnostic ont Ă©tĂ© incluses. Le Group-based trajectory modeling a permis d’identifier les trajectoires d’adhĂ©sion en regroupant des patrons similaires de dispensations mensuelles d’HA. Des rĂ©gressions logistiques polytomiques ont permis d’identifier les facteurs associĂ©s aux trajectoires. Parmi les 674 femmes incluses, cinq trajectoires d’adhĂ©sion Ă  l’HA ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es : 1) dĂ©clin rapide et arrĂȘt (5,2%), 2) dĂ©clin modĂ©rĂ© et arrĂȘt (6,4%), 3) dĂ©clin lent (17,2%), 4) adhĂ©sion Ă©levĂ©e (30,0%), 5) maintien d’une adhĂ©sion trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e (41,2%). La PJC moyenne pour les cinq ans Ă©tait de 80%, mais variait de 10% Ă  97% selon les trajectoires. Les femmes n’ayant pas reçu de chimiothĂ©rapie ou de programme personnalisĂ© de soins Ă©taient plus susceptibles d’appartenir Ă  des trajectoires prĂ©sentant un dĂ©clin de l’adhĂ©sion suivi de l’arrĂȘt de l’HA. Nos rĂ©sultats fournissent des informations sur les patrons longitudinaux de l’adhĂ©sion Ă  l’HA, les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  ceux-ci et les moments critiques pour l’adhĂ©sion qui pourront ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s par les professionnels de la santĂ© impliquĂ©s auprĂšs de ces femmes.Despite the benefits of adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for reducing recurrence andmortality risks after hormone-sensitive breast cancer, AET adherence is sub-optimal for ahigh proportion of women. However, little is known about long-term patterns of AETadherence over the minimally recommended 5 years. Our objectives were to: 1) identify fiveyear AET adherence trajectory groups; 2) describe trajectory groups according to adherencemeasures traditionally used (i.e. the proportion of days covered (PDC)); 3) explore factorsassociated with trajectories. We conducted a five-year cohort study using data from a Frenchnational study that included AET dispensing administrative data. Women diagnosed withfirst non-metastatic breast cancer and having ≄1 AET dispensing in the 12 months afterdiagnosis were included. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify adherencetrajectory groups by clustering similar patterns of monthly AET dispensing. Multinomiallogistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with trajectories. Among 674women, five AET adherence trajectory groups were identified: 1) quick decline and stop(5.2% of women); 2) moderate decline and stop (6.4%); 3) slow decline (17.2%); 4) highadherence (30.0%); 5) maintenance of very high adherence (41.2%). Mean 5-year PDCvaried from 10% to 97% according to trajectories. Women who did not receive chemotherapyor a personalized care plan were more likely assigned to trajectories where AET adherencedeclined and stopped. Our results provide information on the diversity of longitudinal AETadherence patterns, the timing of decline and discontinuation and associated factors thatcould inform healthcare professionals

    « LĂ  oĂč est le pouvoir, les mots passent invisibles » : le pacte de lecture de Jean Paulhan

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    Le point de dĂ©part de cet article est Les fleurs de Tarbes ou la Terreur dans les Lettres que nous analysons pour voir quelle politique de la lecture Jean Paulhan met en avant dans cet essai en nous arrĂȘtant autant sur ses propos que sur son mode d’écriture. Nous procĂ©dons en deux temps : nous observons d’abord la conception de l’acte de lecture qui se dĂ©gage de la structure et du mode d’assertion des Fleurs de Tarbes ; ces analyses seront ensuite enrichies d’une discussion des lectures qu’ont fait d’autres critiques des positions de Paulhan sur le geste interprĂ©tatif, autant celles de ses contemporains (Benda, Blanchot) que celles de critiques plus rĂ©cents, issus pour la plupart de l’école amĂ©ricaine de spĂ©cialistes de Paulhan (Mehlman, Syrontinski, Milne). Nous postulons que la rhĂ©torique de Paulhan, en mettant l’accent sur la matĂ©rialitĂ© des mots, travaille les modalitĂ©s de lecture en rĂ©gime dĂ©mocratique et les incorpore dans son mode mĂȘme d’assertion en dĂ©pit de l’absence d’une rhĂ©torique commune pour unifier le sens.The basis of this article is The Flowers of Tarbes, or Terror in Literature, which we analyze in regard to the reading policy Jean Paulhan puts forward therein while examining his comments and mode of writing. We first present the conception of the act of reading that emerges from the structure and mode of assertion of Flowers of Tarbes, then follow this with a discussion of readings by other critics of Paulhan’s positions on the interpretative act, including his contemporaries (Benda, Blanchot) and other more recent critics, mainly from the American school of Paulhan specialists (Mehlman, Syrontinski, Milne). We postulate that Paulhan’s rhetoric, in its emphasis on the materiality of words, reworks the terms of reading in democracies and incorporates them into his very mode of assertion despite the absence of a common rhetoric to unify meaning

    Évaluation de PrĂ©venir la consommation de produits pour amĂ©liorer les performances sportives, un programme de prĂ©vention du dopage sportif destinĂ© aux entraĂźneurs des joueurs de hockey de 13 Ă  17 ans au QuĂ©bec

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    Le dopage sportif se dĂ©finit comme Ă©tant l’acte d’absorber une substance interdite pour amĂ©liorer ses performances sportives autant physiques que mentales. Le dopage sportif attire l’attention des mĂ©dias et des chercheurs puisqu’il s’agit d’un phĂ©nomĂšne qui prend de l’ampleur spĂ©cialement chez les jeunes et les adolescents, et notamment les garçons de 13 Ă  17 ans. Pour contrer ce problĂšme, des programmes de prĂ©vention du dopage sportif ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place par plusieurs organisations. Toutefois, Ă  notre connaissance, peu de ces programmes semblent avoir Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer par une mĂ©thodologie qualitative une formation en ligne, destinĂ©e aux entraĂźneurs et visant Ă  prĂ©venir le dopage chez les joueurs de hockey de 13 Ă  17 ans au QuĂ©bec. Des entrevues semi-dirigĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es avec six entraĂźneurs ayant suivi la formation, afin d’obtenir leur perception et apprĂ©ciation Ă  l’égard de la mise en oeuvre de la formation, et de leur capacitĂ© Ă  soutenir la mise en oeuvre d’interventions prĂ©ventives auprĂšs des joueurs. La mĂ©thode d’analyse de contenu de PaillĂ© et Mucchielli (2012) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour conduire l’analyse des donnĂ©es. Un modĂšle adaptĂ© du cadre de Phillips (1996) ainsi que du Consolidated model Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) de Damschroder et ses collaborateurs (2009), a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme rĂ©fĂ©rence pour l’analyse

    La participation sociale des personnes ùgées ayant des incapacités physiques

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    Le concept de participation sociale est reconnu dans les Ă©tudes comme Ă©tant bĂ©nĂ©fique pour la santĂ© et le bien-ĂȘtre des personnes ĂągĂ©es. Cependant, la façon dont la participation sociale est prĂ©sentĂ©e dans les politiques et programmes sociaux sous-entend une participation sociale productive qui ne correspond pas toujours aux besoins de certaines personnes, notamment les personnes ĂągĂ©es ayant des incapacitĂ©s physiques. Cette Ă©tude qualitative a pour objectif de documenter la perception des personnes ĂągĂ©es ayant des incapacitĂ©s physiques sur leur participation sociale. Plus particuliĂšrement, il s’agit d’identifier les facteurs pouvant faciliter ou faire obstacle Ă  leur participation sociale. Pour se faire, onze entretiens semi-dirigĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s auprĂšs de personnes se considĂ©rant elles-mĂȘmes comme Ă©tant ĂągĂ©es et prĂ©sentant des incapacitĂ©s physiques sur le plan de la mobilitĂ© et/ou de l’agilitĂ©. Ces entretiens ont permis de recueillir la perception des participants quant aux facteurs personnels et environnementaux pouvant avoir une incidence sur leur participation sociale. Les donnĂ©es ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es selon la mĂ©thode d’analyse de contenu thĂ©matique et selon le cadre d’analyse de ce mĂ©moire qui est le ModĂšle de dĂ©veloppement humain — Processus de production du handicap. Les rĂ©sultats de ce mĂ©moire permettent d’identifier les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la participation sociale des participants. Pour les facteurs personnels, il s’agit de la perception attribuĂ©e Ă  la perte des capacitĂ©s physiques, la capacitĂ© Ă  s’affirmer et exprimer ses besoins, la capacitĂ© Ă  pouvoir s’adapter et la sociabilitĂ©. Pour les facteurs environnementaux, ceux ayant le plus d’importance sont l’attitude de l’entourage, l’adaptation des services des organismes communautaires, le climat, la technologie, le transport adaptĂ© ainsi que l’attitude de la sociĂ©tĂ© envers les personnes ayant des incapacitĂ©s. Des recommandations sont Ă©mises au sujet de stratĂ©gies de sensibilisations et d’adaptations ainsi que des pistes de recherches suite aux constats faits. Cela afin de mieux soutenir la participation sociale des personnes ĂągĂ©es ayant des incapacitĂ©s physiques.Many studies have shown that social participation benefits elderly people’s health and well-being. However, the way in which social participation is presented in social policies and programs implies a kind of productive social participation that does not always correspond to the needs of elderly people with physical disabilities. The objective of this qualitative study is to document the perceptions that elderly people with physical disabilities have of their social participation. More specifically, it is to identify the factors that can facilitate or hinder their social participation. To do this, 11 semi-structured interviews were carried out with people who consider themselves to be elderly and who have physical disabilities affecting their mobility and/or agility. The interviews made it possible to gather the participants’ perceptions of social and environmental factors that can affect their social participation. The data were then analyzed using thematic content analysis within the analytical framework used in this thesis project: the Human Development Model – Disability Creation Process. The results of this research make it possible to identify the factors that can influence participants’ social participation. Personal factors include perceptions concerning the loss of physical abilities, ability to assert oneself and express one’s needs, adaptability and sociability. The most important environmental factors are friends’ and relatives’ attitudes, adaptation of community organizations’ services, climate, technology, adapted transport and societal attitudes toward people with disabilities. Recommendations are made regarding sensitization and adaptation strategies and avenues for further research based on the findings, with the aim of better supporting social participation by elderly people with physical disabilities

    Sequence variant analysis of RNA sequences in severe equine asthma

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    Background Severe equine asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung in horses similar to low-Th2 late-onset asthma in humans. This study aimed to determine the utility of RNA-Seq to call gene sequence variants, and to identify sequence variants of potential relevance to the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods RNA-Seq data were generated from endobronchial biopsies collected from six asthmatic and seven non-asthmatic horses before and after challenge (26 samples total). Sequences were aligned to the equine genome with Spliced Transcripts Alignment to Reference software. Read preparation for sequence variant calling was performed with Picard tools and Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK). Sequence variants were called and filtered using GATK and Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) tools, and two RNA-Seq predicted sequence variants were investigated with both PCR and Sanger sequencing. Supplementary analysis of novel sequence variant selection with VEP was based on a score of <0.01 predicted with Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant software, missense nature, location within the protein coding sequence and presence in all asthmatic individuals. For select variants, effect on protein function was assessed with Polymorphism Phenotyping 2 and screening for non-acceptable polymorphism 2 software. Sequences were aligned and 3D protein structures predicted with Geneious software. Difference in allele frequency between the groups was assessed using a Pearson’s Chi-squared test with Yates’ continuity correction, and difference in genotype frequency was calculated using the Fisher’s exact test for count data. Results RNA-Seq variant calling and filtering correctly identified substitution variants in PACRG and RTTN. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the PACRG substitution was appropriately identified in all 26 samples while the RTTN substitution was identified correctly in 24 of 26 samples. These variants of uncertain significance had substitutions that were predicted to result in loss of function and to be non-neutral. Amino acid substitutions projected no change of hydrophobicity and isoelectric point in PACRG, and a change in both for RTTN. For PACRG, no difference in allele frequency between the two groups was detected but a higher proportion of asthmatic horses had the altered RTTN allele compared to non-asthmatic animals. Discussion RNA-Seq was sensitive and specific for calling gene sequence variants in this disease model. Even moderate coverage (<10–20 counts per million) yielded correct identification in 92% of samples, suggesting RNA-Seq may be suitable to detect sequence variants in low coverage samples. The impact of amino acid alterations in PACRG and RTTN proteins, and possible association of the sequence variants with asthma, is of uncertain significance, but their role in ciliary function may be of future interest

    Canadian Healthcare Professionals’ Views and Attitudes toward Risk-Stratified Breast Cancer Screening

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    Given the controversy over the effectiveness of age-based breast cancer (BC) screening, offering risk-stratified screening to women may be a way to improve patient outcomes with detection of earlier-stage disease. While this approach seems promising, its integration requires the buy-in of many stakeholders. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed Canadian healthcare professionals about their views and attitudes toward a risk-stratified BC screening approach. An anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated through Canadian healthcare professional associations between November 2020 and May 2021. Information collected included attitudes toward BC screening recommendations based on individual risk, comfort and perceived readiness related to the possible implementation of this approach. Close to 90% of the 593 respondents agreed with increased frequency and earlier initiation of BC screening for women at high risk. However, only 9% agreed with the idea of not offering BC screening to women at very low risk. Respondents indicated that primary care physicians and nurse practitioners should play a leading role in the risk-stratified BC screening approach. This survey identifies health services and policy enhancements that would be needed to support future implementation of a risk-stratified BC screening approach in healthcare systems in Canada and other countries

    Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure

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    Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions

    Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collision data at s=8 TeV\sqrt{s}=8\,\mathrm TeV{} with the ATLAS detector

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