29 research outputs found
Random walks and market efficiency in Chinese and Indian equity markets
Hypothesis of Market Efficiency is an important concept for the investors
across the globe holding diversified portfolios. With the world economy getting
more integrated day by day, more people are investing in global emerging
markets. This means that it is pertinent to understand the efficiency of these
markets. This paper tests for market efficiency by studying the impact of
global financial crisis of 2008 and the recent Chinese crisis of 2015 on stock
market efficiency in emerging stock markets of China and India. The data for
last 20 years was collected from both Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE200) and the
Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and divided into four sub-periods, i.e.
before financial crisis period (period-I), during recession (period-II), after
recession and before Chinese Crisis (periodIII) and from the start of Chinese
crisis till date (period- IV). Daily returns for the SSE and BSE were examined
and tested for randomness using a combination of auto correlation tests, runs
tests and unit root tests (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) for the entire sample
period and the four sub-periods. The evidence from all these tests supports
that both the Indian and Chinese stock markets do not exhibit weak form of
market efficiency. They do not follow random walk overall and in the first
three periods (1996 till the 2015) implying that recession did not impact the
markets to a great extent, although the efficiency in percentage terms seems to
be increasing after the global financial crisis of 2008
Trends and patterns in antibiotic prescribing among out-of-hours primary care providers in England, 2010–14
Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, increasing morbidity and mortality. In England, publicly funded clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) commission out-of-hours (OOH) primary care services outside daytime hours. OOH consultations represent 1% of in-hours general practice (GP) consultations. Antibiotic prescriptions increased 32% in non-GP community services between 2010 and 2013. We describe OOH antibiotic prescribing patterns and trends between 2010 and 2014. Methods: We: estimated the proportion of CCGs with OOH data available; described and compared antibiotic prescribing by volume of prescribed items, seasonality and trends in GP and OOH, using linear regression; and compared the proportion of broad-spectrum to total antibiotic prescriptions in OOHs with their respective CCGs in terms of seasonality and trends, using binomial regression. Results: Data were available for 143 of 211 (68%) CCGs. OOH antibiotic prescription volume represented 4.5%-5.4% of GP prescription volume and was stable over time ( P  =   0.37). The proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions increased in OOH when it increased in the CCG they operated in (regression coefficient 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99). Compared with GP, the proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions in OOH was higher but decreased both in GP and OOH (-0.57%, 95% CI - 0.54% to - 0.6% and -0.76%, 95% CI - 0.59% to - 0.93% per year, respectively). Conclusions: OOH proportionally prescribed more antibiotics than GPs although we could not comment on prescribing appropriateness. OOH prescribing volume was stable over time, and followed GP seasonal patterns. OOH antibiotic prescribing reflected the CCGs they operated in but with relatively more broad-spectrum antibiotics than in-hours GP. Understanding factors influencing prescribing in OOH will enable the development of tailored interventions promoting optimal prescribing in this setting
Fluorescence (green/cyan) and transmitted light (grey) reconstructions from an <i>in vivo</i> acquisition of a 5 dpf Tg(mpx:GFP) zebrafish using (a-e) an image relay for standard full-depth of field OPT at NA~0.035 and (f-j) RoI-OPT at full NA with an axial scan range (SR) of 130 μm.
<p>(a,f) MIP of full reconstruction, (b,g) single YZ slice, (c,h) single XZ slice with depth of field and SR respectively indicated by dotted lines, (d,i) fluorescence reconstruction from region indicated by red box and (e,j) corresponding intensity line profile.</p
<i>In vivo</i> half-depth of field OPT reconstruction of a 5 days post fertilization transgenic mpx:GFP zebrafish, combining sequential fluorescence (for neutrophil GFP expression, shown in green) and transmission (for zebrafish morphology, shown in grey) acquisitions.
<p>(a) Single slice through the reconstruction, accompanying (b) YZ cross-section (CS) along vertical yellow line in (a). (c) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) through entire reconstructed volume. (d) Magnified view of reconstruction within red box indicated in (b), and (e) line profile through neutrophils cells.</p
Media 4: Incorporation of an experimentally determined MTF for spatial frequency filtering and deconvolution during optical projection tomography reconstruction
Originally published in Optics Express on 26 March 2012 (oe-20-7-7323
Media 2: Incorporation of an experimentally determined MTF for spatial frequency filtering and deconvolution during optical projection tomography reconstruction
Originally published in Optics Express on 26 March 2012 (oe-20-7-7323
Media 5: Incorporation of an experimentally determined MTF for spatial frequency filtering and deconvolution during optical projection tomography reconstruction
Originally published in Optics Express on 26 March 2012 (oe-20-7-7323
Media 1: Incorporation of an experimentally determined MTF for spatial frequency filtering and deconvolution during optical projection tomography reconstruction
Originally published in Optics Express on 26 March 2012 (oe-20-7-7323
FISH_PROJ800_FLUO_part10
<p>Fluorescence data set with 800 projections, part 10 of 16.</p