Behavior of lobsters (Homarus americanus) in a semi-natural environment at ambient temperatures and under thermal stress

In January, 1974 we established semi-natural habitats in two 10ft. diameter, octagonal aquaria, with five lobsters (Homarus americanus) each, and several Cancer irroratus, Anguilla rostrata, Pseudopleuronectes americanus and Tautoglabrus adspersus. The lobsters, with respect to size and sex, were identical as possible between tanks, as were the numbers of other species. The aquaria, which received ambient seawater, were arranged identically with an oyster shell substrate, and cement blocks, rocks and ceramic pipes to provide a surplus of shelters. Observations, spanning from February through August, were made both during the day, following feeding, and (using red light) just after sunset, when lobsters are active under natural conditions. Types of behavior we were able to quantify included occupation of specific shelters, feeding, activity and social behavior. In our large aquaria the lobsters appeared to be much less aggressive than generally has been reported. Aggression was most frequent during feeding. Observations at night revealed few encounters, and these were usually either one sided avoidance without pursuit, or mutual ritualized displays. Neither an animal's size nor sex seemed to determine its relative dominance. Dominance shifted somewhat between different animals during the study, and complicating this picture was possible territorial behavior in the larger individuals. In one tank, only the two adult females were territorial from February through mid May, following which no lobster showed stability of residence. In the second tank, only one animal, a female, was territorial for more than several weeks, until early June, when the largest male established a reproductive territory lasting until the end of August. Even in our large aquaria space may have been too limited for all animals to be territorial. Lobsters appeared to lose their position in the hierarchy just prior for up to a month or more following the molt. Such animals were often observed on top of shelters, in exposed locations, where other lobsters apparently did not harass them. Although captive lobsters are considered quite cannibalistic, we lost only one animal, a juvenile female, out of six molts. In our large aquaria, female lobsters about to molt sought out, took up residence, and actively courted the tank's largest male. The males were very non-aggressive toward these females, and yet during this period made violent attacks against other males as well as fish. In each case following mating, the males retired to the shelter and fed on the cast shell. Cohabitation, in or around the males' residences, continued for several days following mating. Diurnal activity, which was evoked by the presence of food, showed little change over the range of 5-28°C. Nocturnal activity, vihich was more spontaneous, was similar in both tanks through mid June (temp. range 5-18°C). The level of activity was as high in late February - early March as in late May, with a dip in activity in late March - late April, a period marked by storms. From mid June on, the nocturnal activity in tank I increased with the increasing temperature, leveling off approximately vihen the peak temperature of 28°C was reached. In contrast, activity in tank II did not increase at temperatures above 20°C, and remained at a much lower level than in tank I. Although patterns of residence and dominance in the lobsters changed seasonally, the direction of change was rather different in each tank and did not seem correlated with temperature. Other factors, such as molting and loss of dominance prior to mating in previously aggressive females, were probably more important than temperature effects. The frequency of temperature range 22-28°C was similar to levels at ambient temperatures. Interspecific relations between lobsters and the other species were mainly pacific, although predation on Cancer by Hi. americanus may have occurred. The response of the eels (Anguilla rostrata) to temperature increases was consistent between tanks. Swimming was first observed at 8°C, and feeding at 10°C. Further, the eels in both tanks became markedly aggressive when the temperature reached 26°C.Prepared for the Office of Sea Grant 04-4-158-5 and 04-4-158-8 and the U.S. Energy Research and Development Admnistration AT (11-1) 3567 and E(11-1) 2546

Dancing Difference: Migrants, Affective Politics, and the Party Space as a Site of Intercultural Connection

This thesis examines the political possibilities of spaces in which there is both a confrontation with the reality of heterogeneity as well as a genuine bid for the rights of presence of migrant populations through an ethnographic case study of an intercultural party series in Munich, Germany. Developed amidst anti-migrant sentiment at the height of the so-called ‘European refugee crisis’, at Plug in Beats, an attempt is made to treat a space shared by established locals and recent migrants democratically. The crowd selects the music, with each partygoer sharing a song of their choice for the DJ to play. The format of the dance party, in combination with an active inclusion policy, aims to create a non-hierarchical safer-space for meaningful intercultural exchange. Drawing on participant observation and interviews with party organizers and attendees, I evaluate the strengths and limits of inclusive intercultural space and investigate how the sharing of space at the party influences participants’ imaginings of themselves and each other. While the party itself cannot address exclusion or inequity at the root, it can provide a place for connections, and a platform for practicing new forms of social negotiation. The party format generates an affective politics which disrupts the stability of fixed judgements and relations. While the immediate transformative value of these kinds of events may be small, this thesis argues that this awareness-building process can act as a foundation for a broader political struggle

From ACE2 to COVID-19: A Multiorgan Endothelial Disease

Editoria

Topological organization of whole-brain white matter in HIV infection

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with neuroimaging alterations. However, little is known about the topological organization of whole-brain networks and the corresponding association with cognition. As such, we examined structural whole-brain white matter connectivity patterns and cognitive performance in 29 HIV+ young adults (mean age = 25.9) with limited or no HIV treatment history. HIV+ participants and demographically similar HIV− controls (n = 16) residing in South Africa underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing. Structural network models were constructed using diffusion MRI-based multifiber tractography and T(1)-weighted MRI-based regional gray matter segmentation. Global network measures included whole-brain structural integration, connection strength, and structural segregation. Cognition was measured using a neuropsychological global deficit score (GDS) as well as individual cognitive domains. Results revealed that HIV+ participants exhibited significant disruptions to whole-brain networks, characterized by weaker structural integration (characteristic path length and efficiency), connection strength, and structural segregation (clustering coefficient) than HIV− controls (p < 0.05). GDSs and performance on learning/recall tasks were negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient (p < 0.05) in HIV+ participants. Results from this study indicate disruption to brain network integrity in treatment-limited HIV+ young adults with corresponding abnormalities in cognitive performance

Best Babies Zone Basics: A Step-by-Step Guide

BBZ Basics is a step-by-step guide to implementing the Best Babies Zone (BBZ) approach. It is intended for both public health and non-public health organizations looking to start or build upon a place-based, multi-sector, community-driven initiative to reduce racial inequities in infant mortality. The guide moves through the Six Foundational Phases of a BBZ, including how to select a Zone, how to collaborate with residents and build resident leadership, and how to plan for evaluation. The guide also includes a number of tools and resources to help you in the planning process. Use of this guide will enable you to adopt the BBZ approach and support your efforts in creating stronger, healthier neighborhoods where every baby has the best chance in life

Associations of maternal and paternal antenatal mood with offspring anxiety disorder at age 18 years.

OBJECTIVE: Maternal antenatal depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of childhood behavioural and emotional problems in offspring; it remains unclear to what extent this is due to a maternal biological impact on foetal development. Here, we compare associations between maternal and paternal antenatal depression and anxiety with offspring anxiety disorders, thus controlling for some genetic and shared environmental factors. METHODS: We used data from the ALSPAC population cohort including measures of antenatal parental depression and anxiety. At 18 years, offspring completed the CIS-R interview, yielding diagnoses for anxiety disorders. Results were adjusted for confounding variables including parental postnatal depression and anxiety. RESULTS: Children of women with antenatal depression (18 weeks gestation), had an increased risk of anxiety disorders at 18 years of age (11.1% vs. 6.2%; adj. OR 1.75 (1.19, 2.58); p=0.01). Children of women with antenatal anxiety had increased risk of co-morbid anxiety and depression (adj. OR 1.39 (1.06, 1.82); p=0.02). No such associations were found with paternal antenatal depression or anxiety. LIMITATIONS: There was a high attrition rate from the original cohort to the CIS-R completion at 18 years postpartum. Parental mood was only assessed together at one time point during the antenatal period. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the association between maternal and paternal mood during pregnancy and child outcomes supports the hypothesis that foetal programming may account, at least in part, for this association. We highlight the potential opportunity for preventative intervention by optimising antenatal mental health

Regional Structural Orientation of the Mount Sharp Group Revealed by In Situ Dip Measurements and Stratigraphic Correlations on the Vera Rubin Ridge

Ground‐based bedding orientation measurements are critical to determine the geologic history and processes of sedimentation in Gale crater, Mars. We constrain the dip of lacustrine strata of the Blunts Point, Pettegrove Point, and Jura members of the Murray formation using a combination of regional stratigraphic correlations and bed attitude measurements from stereo Mastcam images taken by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. In situ bed attitude measurements using a principal component analysis‐based regression method reveal a wide range of dips and dip azimuths owing to a combination of high stereo errors, postdepositional deformation of strata (e.g., fracturing, rotation, and impact cratering), and different primary depositional dips. These constrain regional dips to be within several degrees of horizontal on average. Stratigraphic correlations between targets observed in the Glen Torridon trough and at the Pettegrove Point‐Jura member contact of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) constrain dips to be between 3°SE and 2°NW, consistent with nearly flat strata deposited horizontally on an equipotential surface. The Jura member is determined to be stratigraphically equivalent to the northern portion of the Glen Torridon trough. Rover‐based dip magnitudes are generally significantly shallower than the orientation of VRR member contacts measured from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment‐based traces, suggesting the sedimentary strata and VRR member contacts may be discordant

12 Museum Theorists at Play

Introduction by Lauren Appel1. Learning by Do-weyan, by Marian Howard, with Nicole Ferrin2: Dewey Defines Himself and Education, by David Vining 3. Benjamin Ives Gilman: Arts in People’s Lives, by Katherine Hillman 4. John Cotton Dana: The Social Construction of Museums, by Marissa Corwin 5. Piaget in the Art Museum: Constructing Knowledge Through Active Engagement, by Berry Stein 6. Lev Vygotsky: The Social Aspects of Learning, by Nicole Keller 7. Paulo Freire: Literacy, Democracy, and Context, by Nicole Keller 8. Maxine Greene: Aesthetic Education, by Lauren Appel 9. Howard Gardner and Multiple Intelligence Theory: A Practical Application of Entry Points in Museum Programming, by Bill Elliston 10. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Finding the Flow, by David Bowles 11. George Hein: Metaconstructivist, by Lauren Appel 12. David Carr: A Poetics of Questions, by Tiffany Reedy 13. David Sobel: Please in My Backyard, by Kathryn Eliza Harris 14. Connecting the Dots, by Liat Olenickhttps://educate.bankstreet.edu/faculty-staff/1009/thumbnail.jp