Introduction:Entrepreneurship education and learning and the real world

It is with great pleasure that we introduce this special issue of Industry and Higher Education. The papers that follow have been selected, reviewed and developed for publication following their original presentation in the ‘Enterprise Education and Entrepreneurial Learning’ tracks of the 36th Annual Conference of the Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (ISBE) held in Cardiff in November 2013

The strange geographies of Ephesus: The Bell Shakespeare Company’s Comedy of Errors

The stage world created by John Bell’s 2002 production of Comedy of Errors captured both the hybridity of the play and the mix of contradictions embodied in the historical and Biblical Ephesus, where the play is set. This essay proposes a reading grounded in cultural geography which allows for a foregrounding of the production’s deployment of dreams and magic to generate a theatrical Ephesus which could speak to both Australian and English experiences of modern city life, via colour, movement and rhythm

E-cigarette use among women of reproductive age: Impulsivity, cigarette smoking status, and other risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: The study aim was to examine impulsivity and other risk factors for e-cigarette use among women of reproductive age comparing current daily cigarette smokers to never cigarette smokers. Women of reproductive age are of special interest because of the additional risk that tobacco and nicotine use represents should they become pregnant. METHOD: Survey data were collected anonymously online using Amazon Mechanical Turk in 2014. Participants were 800 women ages 24-44years from the US. Half (n=400) reported current, daily smoking and half (n=400) reported smokingsociodemographics, tobacco/nicotine use, and impulsivity (i.e., delay discounting & Barratt Impulsiveness Scale). Predictors of smoking and e-cigarette use were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: Daily cigarette smoking was associated with greater impulsivity, lower education, past illegal drug use, and White race/ethnicity. E-cigarette use in the overall sample was associated with being a cigarette smoker and greater education. E-cigarette use among current smokers was associated with increased nicotine dependence and quitting smoking; among never smokers it was associated with greater impulsivity and illegal drug use. E-cigarette use was associated with hookah use, and for never smokers only with use of cigars and other nicotine products. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use among women of reproductive age varies by smoking status, with use among current smokers reflecting attempts to quit smoking whereas among non-smokers use may be a marker of a more impulsive repertoire that includes greater use of alternative tobacco products and illegal drugs

Effects of Distraction Type, Driver Age, and Roadway Environment on Reaction Times – An Analysis Using SHRP-2 NDS Data

Effects of different types of cell phone use were examined through an analysis of selected data from the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS). Driving events involving lead-vehicle or approaching-vehicle incidents were analyzed to compare driver reaction times and crash probability across driver distraction type, driver age, and roadway environment. The analysis found that the median reaction time was 40.5% higher among drivers engaged in a visualmanual task such as texting, and crash risk for those drivers was 4.66 times higher compared to drivers who were undistracted. Median reaction times in urban environments were longer than those in freeway environments. Drivers aged 16- 19 exhibited faster reaction times then older drivers, but higher crash risk

Agency, Equality, and Antidiscrimination Law

The Supreme Court increasingly has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as a mandate for the state to treat citizens as if they were equal-as a limitation on the state\u27s ability to draw distinctions on the basis of characteristics such as race and, to a lesser extent, gender. In the context of race, the Court has struck down not only race-specific policies designed to harm the historically oppressed, but race conscious policies designed to foster racial equality. Although in theory the Court has left open the possibility that benign uses of race may be constitutional under some set of facts, in practice it has yet to identify such a policy since it adopted strict scrutiny across the board. In its equal protection analysis of gender, the Court has also moved toward a stricter level of scrutiny, calling into question the possibility of benign uses of gender as well. As the Supreme Court narrowed the scope of benign race-based categories permitted by the Constitution, political forces have launched attacks on affirmative action policies at both the state and federal levels. Some commentators, perhaps a minority, have argued that the Equal Protection Clause should be read to require the use of race-conscious policies when necessary to eradicate or remedy the most serious consequences of racial inequality. Others have argued that such policies, though not required, should be permitted when duly adopted by the majority of the populace to promote the interests of an historically oppressed minority. Still others, including now a majority of the Supreme Court, take the view that the Constitution forbids virtually all explicit uses of race by the state. In this Essay, we do not enter this debate directly. Rather, we attempt to explore the reasons behind the increasing acceptance of a norm of color-blindness-both politically and legally-and locate those reasons within a particular liberal conception of the limited, neutral state. We then attempt to demonstrate that the movement toward an increasingly strict view of discrimination as simply color consciousness has not been limited to the equal protection context

The 'True King’s Queen': Unlocking the performance potential of the Queen in Shakespeare’s Richard II

Reviewing the Old Vic’s 1947 production of Richard II, W. A. Darlington commented “Margaret Leighton does what can be done with a Queen to whom Shakespeare gives no name and history no place”: an opinion endorsed by many reviewers across the twentieth century. More recently, however, theatre critics have identified hitherto unseen qualities in Richard II’s Queen, suggesting the need to reappraise her theatrical potential and recover her vitality and significance on the modern stage. Examining a selection of moments from contemporary performance, I present a gallery of contrasting faces that show the Queen is a prismatic figure of affective, political, and spiritual dimensions. By focusing on the contradictions that the Queen displays as she navigates the tensions inherent in balancing desires for personal fulfilment in affective relationships with social and political responsibilities and the need to survive in a volatile and male-dominated world, I avoid constructing her according to traditional gender binaries. I suggest that these contradictions render Richard II’s Queen meaningful for our contemporary moment which acknowledges ambiguities in the construction of identities and recognises the constructive possibilities of shifting between positions as a means of processing and judging complex issues

Staging Geographies and the Geographies of Staging:Space and Place in Shakespeare's Richard II: Text and Production

This thesis provides a new set of analytical tools with which to approach Shakespeare’s plays in production. This approach, which I am terming theatrical geographies, operates through a tripartite process which involves an analysis of the textual geographies, an examination of the geographies of staging across the play’s performance history, and a close reading of the workings of space and place in a selection of contemporary productions. By combining theoretical perspectives and conceptualizations of space and place from cultural geography with existing ideas on theatrical space, this critical framework furthers understanding of the multiple spatialities that performance generates and illuminates the role of space(s) in creating meaning. This research brings together elements of traditional Theatre History and Performance Studies, and builds on previous work which has focused on the individual areas of space as a dramaturgical element, theatre architecture, the histories of individual theatres, and scenography. By taking account of important questions left by these engagements with theatrical space and adding an interrogation of space in action in postmodern performance, theatrical geographies offers an integrated approach to the complex interactions between text, place, and performance. This enables a more nuanced analysis of the real and imagined spaces of the theatrical event as it facilitates an examination of the materialization of the fictive world and a consideration of the ways in which individual plays intervene in the identities of their places of performance. My test case is Richard II. An analysis of the textual geographies reveals the richly ambiguous places that comprise the playworld, and applying a geographical consciousness to contemporary productions demonstrates the negotiations between Shakespeare’s dramatic-geographical imagination and spatial issues of concern in the postmodern world, thus uncovering fresh nuances in the play and opening up new conceptions of its potential cultural work

ADMA: A key player in the relationship between vascular dysfunction and inflammation in atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular disease which increases risk of major cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and stroke. Elevated plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) have long been recognised as a hallmark of cardiovascular disease and are associated with cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. In this review, we discuss the clinical literature that link ADMA concentrations to increased risk of the development of atherosclerosis. The formation of atherosclerotic lesions relies on the interplay between vascular dysfunction, leading to endothelial activation and the accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages, within the vessel wall. Here, we review the mechanisms through which elevated ADMA contributes to endothelial dysfunction, activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; how ADMA may affect vascular smooth muscle phenotype; and finally whether ADMA plays a regulatory role in the inflammatory processes occurring within the vessel wall