Leaf-off and leaf-on lidar survey specifications.

<p>Leaf-off and leaf-on lidar survey specifications.</p

Spring Creek Watershed: A) Context map of the United States identifying the location of the study area, Spring Creek Watershed, located in the center of Pennsylvania; B) Landuse/landcover map of Spring Creek illustrating streams, landuse and mensuration plot locations examined in the study (Landuse Data Source: Centre County Planning Commission, 2006).

<p>Spring Creek Watershed: A) Context map of the United States identifying the location of the study area, Spring Creek Watershed, located in the center of Pennsylvania; B) Landuse/landcover map of Spring Creek illustrating streams, landuse and mensuration plot locations examined in the study (Landuse Data Source: Centre County Planning Commission, 2006).</p

Mean differences in meters (Lidar - measured plot average height) for all plots and plots stratified by vegetation type using both percentile and CHM lidar height estimates.

<p>Superscripts (A,B,C) identify post-hoc Tukey test results. Means with the same superscripted letter are not statistically different (P = 0.05).</p

Regression relationships between measured average canopy height (H) and lidar values using: a) Leaf-off lidar 70^th percentile; b) Leaf-on lidar 70^th percentile; c) Leaf-off lidar IDW Interpolated CHM; d) Leaf-on lidar IDW Interpolated CHM; e) Leaf-off lidar Max Height CHM; f) Leaf-on lidar Max Height CHM.

<p>Regression relationships between measured average canopy height (H) and lidar values using: a) Leaf-off lidar 70^th percentile; b) Leaf-on lidar 70^th percentile; c) Leaf-off lidar IDW Interpolated CHM; d) Leaf-on lidar IDW Interpolated CHM; e) Leaf-off lidar Max Height CHM; f) Leaf-on lidar Max Height CHM.</p

Average coefficient of variation (<i>Cv</i>) values and associated standard deviation of mean <i>Cv</i> for non-ground leaf-off and leaf-on lidar data within all plots and plots stratified by vegetation type.

<p>Superscripts (A,B,C) identify post-hoc Tukey test results. Means with the same superscripted letter are not statistically different (P = 0.05). Within each row, leaf-off Cv values that are starred (**) are statistically different when compared to leaf-on cv values for that row (all plots or vegetation type). Statistical differences are not detected between leaf-on and leaf-off Cv values within conifer plots (p<0.05).</p

Supplement 1. Code developed to measure riparian buffer width, vegetation height and canopy cover along stream reaches.

<h2>File List</h2><div> <p><b>All files at once:</b> <a href="Code.zip">Code.zip</a></p> <p><a href="funCalcStreamLength.m">funCalcStreamLength.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalcTransectBufferWidth2.m">funCalcTransectBufferWidth2.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalculateMEI.m">funCalculateMEI.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalculateNewXY.m">funCalculateNewXY.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalculatePointsAlongLine.m">funCalculatePointsAlongLine.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalculatePointsAlongLine_Reverse.m">funCalculatePointsAlongLine_Reverse.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalculatepointsAlongLine_Reverse_TransectCenter.m">funCalculatepointsAlongLine_Reverse_TransectCenter.m</a></p> <p><a href="funCalculateRectangleVertices.m">funCalculateRectangleVertices.m</a></p> <p><a href="funFindStreamGrdLidarExtent.m">funFindStreamGrdLidarExtent.m</a></p> <p><a href="funFindStreamVeglidarExtent.m">funFindStreamVeglidarExtent.m</a></p> <p><a href="funPrctile.m">funPrctile.m</a></p> <p><a href="funSampleLidar.m">funSampleLidar.m</a></p> <p><a href="funSampleLidar_forestClass.m">funSampleLidar_forestClass.m</a></p> <p><a href="funSplitStreams.m">funSplitStreams.m</a></p> <p><a href="ProduceFinalTransectData_ForAnalysis.m">ProduceFinalTransectData_ForAnalysis.m</a></p> <p><a href="SampleStreambufferWidth_Mar31_2012_Oct2014_Publish.m">SampleStreambufferWidth_Mar31_2012_Oct2014_Publish.m</a></p> <p><a href="Slidefun.m">Slidefun.m</a></p> </div><h2>Description</h2><div> <p>The ProduceFinalTransectData_ForAnalysis.m and SampleStreambufferWidth_Mar31_2012_Oct2014_Publish.m files are the core code used to process all of the LiDAR data presented in this manuscript. All other code included in this supplement are functions that are called within the two main scripts. Please be sure to save all code files in the same directory. The inputs to both scripts are detailed in the top matter of the scripts.</p> <p>First, run SampleStreambufferWidth_Mar31_2012_Oct2014_Publish.m. The inputs for this script include ground and non-ground lidar point clouds saved in the  "lidarData" directory and a streams data saved in x,y,z format. Please see the code for documentation and examples of all inputs. Other input variables can be defined in the top matter of the code or you may choose to use the default values. All final output will be saved in the "finalResults" folder – included as an empty directory in this supplement. This script will do several things. First it will segment out your stream data into 1,000.01m long reaches. Analyzing smaller segments of stream reduces the file processing sizes and time. Next, the code will use the stream segments to calculate transects within which the lidar data will be analyzed. The final output will be data for each transect that includes its width, and vegetation structure within moving windows as defined in the algorithm. The second script, ProduceFinalTransectData_ForAnalysis.m, takes all of the output from the first script and generate a final matrix that can be used to perform final statistical analysis. This code uses the results in the finalResults folder.</p> </div

Adjusted height values per year in meters for all plots and by plot vegetation leaf structure type.

<p>Adjusted height values per year in meters for all plots and by plot vegetation leaf structure type.</p

Example distributions of canopy laser pulse returns in leaf-off compared to leaf-on conditions in an A) deciduous compound and B) deciduous simple C) mixed conifer/deciduous and D) conifer plots.

<p>Example distributions are representative of conditions observed within all plots for each vegetation type.</p

Regression relationships interpolated lidar CHM (CHM_interp) vs. H, non-interpolated lidar CHM (CHMMax) vs. H and h70 vs. H for all plots and for plots stratified by leaf structure type.

<p>RMSE values are standardized relative to the mean for each vegetation type.</p

Mean differences (<i>D</i>, leaf-on lidar minus leaf-off lidar) between leaf-on and leaf-off lidar percentile height values and associated standard deviation (σ) of mean differences in meters.

<p>ANOVA was not run on 10^th percentile (<i>h₁₀</i>) values due to nonparametric distribution in leaf-off conditions.</p><p>Superscripts (A,B,C) identify post-hoc Tukey test results. Means with the same superscripted letter are not statistically different (P = 0.05). Within each row, values that are starred (**) are statistically different from other values at that percentile within that row.</p