Maps of COVID-19 cases and PSA Ad airings, by media market in the U.S., March-December 2020.

Authors’ analysis of data of PSA airings from Kantar/CMAG and data on COVID-19 incidence from the New York Times.</p

Predicted PSA volume by Clinton vote share.

Authors’ analysis of data of PSA airings from Kantar/CMAG merged with data on COVID-19 incidence from the New York Times and market-level demographic data constructed from data from the Atlas of Presidential Elections and the American Community Survey. Figure displays the predicted PSA volume based on the full time period regression model displayed in Table 1, by Clinton vote share, adjusting for all other characteristics listed in Table 1.</p

Daily federal PSA Ad airings and COVID-19 cases in the United States, March to December 2020.

Authors’ analysis of data of PSA airings from Kantar/CMAG merged with data on COVID-19 incidence from the New York Times.</p

Association of PSA airings and market-level factors, overall and by pandemic wave.

Association of PSA airings and market-level factors, overall and by pandemic wave.</p