Effect of fungicides and Trichoderma harzianum on sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii

The effect of three fungicides (benomyl, hymexazol, oxyquinoleine) on the viability of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii was tested in natural and sterilized soils. A similar test was carried out in natural soil combining each of these fungicides with one of four isolates of Trichoderma harzianum. In addition, the mycelial growth of the T. harzianum isolates and S. rolfsii was monitored on agar media amended with these fungicides at three concentrations. Benomyl reduced the antagonistic ability of the T. harzianum isolates in the soil, oxyquinoleine yielded variable results, while hymexazol improved the antagonism of T. harzianum isolates. In an agar medium, benomyl inhibited all T. harzianum isolates, as did oxyquinoleine. By contrast, hymexazol had only a negligible effect on the growth of the antagonist

RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Qualitative Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Non-Cytotoxic Properties of Ephedra alata Monjauzeana

An investigation was conducted to study the beneficial effects of Ephedra alata monjauzeana crude extract (EamCE). The chemical profile was determined using RP-HPLC–ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, revealing the presence of twenty-one flavonoids and phenolic acids. A series of antioxidant assays was carried out using ten different methods. The EamCE has demonstrated a significant antioxidant potential, with interesting IC50 values not exceeding 40 µg/mL in almost activities. Likewise, a significant inhibition of key enzymes, involved in some health issues, such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, hyperpigmentation, dermatological disorders, gastric/urinary bacterial infections, and obesity, was observed for the first time. The IC50 values ranged from 22.46 to 54.93. The anti-inflammatory and non-cytotoxic activities were assessed by heat-induced hemolysis and cell culture methods, respectively; the EamCE has shown a prominent effect in both tests, notably for the anti-inflammatory effect that was superior to the reference compound “diclofenac” (IC50: 71.03 ± 1.38 > 70.23 ± 0.99 (µg/mL)). According to these results, this plant could be used in a large spectrum as a food supplement, as a natural remedy for various physiological disorders and pathologies; and it might serve as a preventive and health care agent

Effect of nitrogen fertilizers and Trichoderma harzianum on Sclerotium rolfsii

The effect of urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate potassium and horse manure on S. rolfsii was tested in vitro, alone and in combination with T. harzianum. Tests on liquid culture media showed that Sclerotium rolfsii did not utilize urea as a source of nitrogen while sulfate ammonium and nitrate potassium allowed the growth of the fungus. On a solid medium, the fertilizers at rates of 12 g N·m–2 and 18 g N·m–2 had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium. The highest effect was observed for urea. In contrast, Trichoderma harzianum assimilated all fertilizers but had a preference for sulfate ammonium. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Sclerotium rolfsii on solid culture media was stimulated in the presence of the three nitrogen sources. The horse manure at high rates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii, favored the development of T. harzianum and enhanced its antagonistic effect on S. rolfsii. The confrontation of Trichoderma harzianum with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii in soil fertilized separately with urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate potassium or manure showed an increase in the antagonistic activity. Particularly, the manure in combination with T. harzianum induced high mortality of sclerotia of the fungus. In the agronomic context of the region of Doukkala, it seems adequate to add these nitrogen sources to contribute to the biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii

Monomeric and dimeric copper (II) complexes based on bidentate Nʹ-(propan-2-ylidene) thiophene carbohydrazide Schiff base ligand: Synthesis, structure, magnetic properties, antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer activities

International audienceThe present study deals with the synthesis and characterization by single-crystal X-ray analysis and IR spectroscopy of two new Copper (II) complexes with bidentate Schiff base ligand [N'-(propan-2-ylidene) thiophene-2-carbohydrazide] (HL). Depending on the copper salt used in the synthesis, a mononuclear or doubly chloro bridged dinuclear Copper (II) complexes of respective formula [Cu(L) 2 ] (1) and [Cu 2 (μ-Cl) 2 (HL) 2 Cl 2 ] (2) have been obtained. Magnetic study of complex 2 indicates the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal centers. To determine the antioxidant properties of both complexes, the ABTS radical scavenging and the reduction of copper (II)-neocuproine [Cu(II)-Nc] (CUPRAC) methods were used; 1 was more efficient than 2, for the two antioxidants assays. Lastly, Anti AChE activity method has been used to estimate in vitro anti-Alzheimer effect of 1 and 2 both of which show a potent AChE inhibition

Study of the Pollution Generated by Wastewater from the Refining of Vegetable Oils

Abstract: This study concerns the assessment of the pollution generated by three industrial discharges produced by the Lesieur company in Ain Harrouda for the production of vegetable oils, such as process water (PWW), ACID wastewater (AWW), and refining wastewater. (RWW). This wastewater is heavily loaded with pollutants that could pose serious environmental problems. The concentrations of polluting matter in chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Total suspended solids (TSS), variable in time, could strongly influence the effectiveness of treatment with sludge currently used by Lesieur. In addition, process wastewater and refining wastewater are loaded with fats and oils with varied concentration between3700 and 6000 mg/l. At the same time, wastewater from leg breaking has a concentration varying between 1000 and 6000 mg/L. Additionally, leg-breaking water has a concentration of Total suspended solids (TSS) varying between 10,000 mg/L and 23,000 mg/L. In comparison, process wastewater and refining water have concentrations (TSS) ranging between 4500 mg/L and 8000 mg/L, related to turbidity exceeding 10000 NTU. Furthermore, COD fluctuates between 700 and 3,400 mg/L and suspended matter between 500 and 8,000 mg/L with average pollution loads of 114 and 358 kg/day, respectively. Indeed, the COD/BOD5 ratio for process wastewater varies between 3 and 7. On the other hand, for basic wastewater, this ratio varies between 3 and 20, which could be due to the quality of wastewater with high polyphenol content. Indeed, refining wastewater has a COD/BOD5 ratio that varies between 2 and 4, which shows that organic matter is biodegradable compared to other types of wastewater. The phenol concentration varies over time and goes from 20 to 125 mg/L, while the surfactants have a variable concentration of 20 and 127 mg/L over time, then increases during the summer, taking into account the increase in market demand Keyswords: Vegetable oils, Wastewater, Pollution, Biodegradable, Polyphenol

Chemical Composition, Acetylcholine Esterase and Anti-bacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Elaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire from Algeria

Background: Traditionally, the Algerian medicinal plantElaeosilenum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire has been used for many diseases. The present research work aims to explore the chemical and biological characterization of its essential oil. Methods: The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of differentElaeosilenum thap-sioides (Apiaceae) aerial parts samples collected from two different regions (Mahouane and Me-gres) from Setif, Eastern Algeria. The chemical characterization of the obtained essential oils is re-ported here for the first time. Besides, they were evaluated for theirin vitro Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity involved in Alzheimer's disease using Ellman's spectrophotometric method. Results: Additionally, theirin vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Both activities were performed at various oil concentrations. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oils from aerial parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds) ofE. thapsioides identified 47 constituents. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main components, ranging from 72.78 99.13%. Oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes ranged between 1.37 and 17.25% and 0.12 and 3.53% in essential oils from leaves and stems. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present in small to large quantities in the essential oils of both populations, ranging from 0.69 to 13.44%. The presence of m-Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate was recorded in stems essential oils from Mahouane and leaves essential oils from Merges, which was 9.73% and 3.72%, respectively. Conclusion: The stems essential oils obtained from plants collected in Mahouane showed the high -est AChE inhibitory activity. The highest anti-bacterial activity was shown by the essential oil ob-tained from Megres leaves against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The oils exhibited a moderate in-hibitory activity in both tests

Experimental synthesis, biological evaluation, theoretical investigations of some novel benzoxazolinone based Schiff under eco-environmental conditions as potential antioxidant agents

International audienceIn this paper, we have developed a new, non-hazardous and eco-friendly access route for the synthesis of a novel Schiff bases containing 2-oxo-3H-benzoxazole scaffold 4(a-f) by lemon juice as natural catalyzed acid under solvent-free conditions. The chemical structures of the new synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of the FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectroscopic techniques and all molecules were isolated with moderate yields after shorter reaction times. Furthermore, a preliminary study on the in vitro antioxidant activity of some synthesized compounds was investigated. The biological activity results revealed that highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity was observed for compound 4e with an IC 50 of 2.13 μg.mL −1 , more active than the standard ascorbic acid (IC 50 = 2.16 μg.mL −1). In-silico studies based on density functional theory (DFT) were realized to rationalize the biological activity with the structural and electronic properties of the 6-imino-2-oxo-3H-benzoxazoles. We using the molecular docking simulation to study the affinity and the possible binding mode of complexed ligand-protein. The synthesized molecules were tested to cross the clinical test by the ADMET prediction, these results indicated that the compounds 4(a-f) have excellent drug-likeness properties

One‐Pot Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, in Vitro Anti‐inflammatory Evaluation and Computer‐Aided Molecular Design of Novel Sulfamide‐Containing Bisphosphonates Derivatives

International audienceAn eco-friendly and one-step microwave-assisted green synthesis of new functionalized bisphosphonates derivatives was described by a three-component reaction of aromatic sulfamide with triethyl orthoformate and diethyl phosphite. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR and IR analysis. Some of these compounds were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and showed moderate inhibition compared to diclofenac as standard drug. Furthermore, to rationalize the observed biological data, several in silico approaches have been used to explain Structure-Activity Relationship study (SAR) based on DFT calculation, molecular docking, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of sulfamide-containing bisphosphonates derivatives as anti-inflammatory drugs. The results of the in vitro and in silico activities prove that the compound 4 b have the ideal structural requirements for further development of novel anti-inflammatory agents

RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Qualitative Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Non-Cytotoxic Properties of <i>Ephedra alata</i> Monjauzeana

An investigation was conducted to study the beneficial effects of Ephedra alata monjauzeana crude extract (EamCE). The chemical profile was determined using RP-HPLC–ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, revealing the presence of twenty-one flavonoids and phenolic acids. A series of antioxidant assays was carried out using ten different methods. The EamCE has demonstrated a significant antioxidant potential, with interesting IC50 values not exceeding 40 µg/mL in almost activities. Likewise, a significant inhibition of key enzymes, involved in some health issues, such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, hyperpigmentation, dermatological disorders, gastric/urinary bacterial infections, and obesity, was observed for the first time. The IC50 values ranged from 22.46 to 54.93. The anti-inflammatory and non-cytotoxic activities were assessed by heat-induced hemolysis and cell culture methods, respectively; the EamCE has shown a prominent effect in both tests, notably for the anti-inflammatory effect that was superior to the reference compound “diclofenac” (IC50: 71.03 ± 1.38 > 70.23 ± 0.99 (µg/mL)). According to these results, this plant could be used in a large spectrum as a food supplement, as a natural remedy for various physiological disorders and pathologies; and it might serve as a preventive and health care agent