Prediction-based Authentication for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Ensuring that a path in a mobile ad hoc network is secure by means of authenticating every node in the route carries considerable overhead and results in packet loss. In this thesis we propose a prediction mechanism to determine a new link when the existing the link is fading. Once the predicted node has been determined it is authenticated. The objective of this research is to enable prediction and authentication to be completed before the current link breaks. Simulation results show that the proposed approach results in fewer packets being dropped, while ensuring a secure route. The proposed approach is compared to traditional protocols such as DSDV which do not employ any form of prediction. The prediction scheme we are using is based on the location based routing protocol LTR.Computer Science Departmen

Do financial development and energy efficiency ensure green environment? Evidence from R.C.E.P. economies

The issue of climate change and environmental degradation has been prevailing for the last few decades. Yet economies are further expanding due to free trade agreement which accelerates the trade of energy and carbon intensive commodities across the regions. A prominent example of such free trade is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (R.C.E.P.), which mostly remains ignored. The current research study explores the influence of financial development (F.D.) and energy efficiency (E.N.E.F.) on carbon emissions in the R.C.E.P. economies. Also, this study analyses the role of economic growth and renewable energy on environmental quality during the period from 1990 to 2020. Panel data approaches such as slope heterogeneity, crosssection dependence, and the second-generation panel unit root test are used. The non-normally distributed variables are found cointegrated. Therefore, a novel method of moments quantile regression is used. The results demonstrate that F.D. and economic growth are positively associated with CO2 emissions. At the same time, E.N.E.F. and renewable energy consumption (R.E.C.) significantly reduce the emissions level and promote a green environment in all quantiles. The environmental Kuznets curve is found valid in the R.C.E.P. economies. These results are robust as validated by Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Square – a parametric approach. A two-way significant causal association exists between carbon-economic growth, carbon-F.D., carbon- R.E.C., and carbon-E.N.E.F.. The findings suggest an enhancement in R.E.C., improvement in the E.N.E.F. approaches, and implications for green F.D. in the region

Revealing Potential Histological Changes of Deltamethrin Exposure on Testicular Tissue in Albino Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: The pesticide’s broad-spectrum nature raises concerns about its impact on biodiversity, potentially disrupting delicate ecological balances and endangering various species across different trophic levels. Deltamethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid, poses significant risks to both the environment and animals. Its persistence in soil and water can lead to the contamination of ecosystems, affecting non-target insects, aquatic life, and birds.Methods: This study aims to detect the impact of deltamethrin on the testicular tissues of white rabbits treated by 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups equally. The first group was the control group and was administered distilled water, while the second group experimental groups 1 and 2 received deltamethrin at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/day respectively. Tissue sections were prepared, stained and tested via a light microscope equipped with a camera.Result: The results obtained revealed that all groups of animals treated with deltamethrin experienced disintegration in the germinal cell layer, detachment of the germinal epithelium from the basal membrane, and slight distortion in spermatozoa. The damage was more severe with increasing the concentration, Moreover, there was an increase in the contraction of some seminiferous tubules, resulting in their irregular and wavy appearance, and many cellular changes were observed, in addition to absence of spermatozoa in some seminiferous tubule lumina and Leydig cell hyperplasia.Conclusion: The treatment with deltamethrin at different doses for one month caused severe pathological tissue damage in the testes, characterized by congestion, hemorrhage, vacuolation, and detachment of a portion of the germinal epithelium from the basement membrane

3-[Hy­droxy(3-meth­oxy­phen­yl)methyl­idene]-2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl­eth­yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1λ6,2-benzothia­zine-1,1,4-trione

In the title mol­ecule, C24H19NO6S, the heterocyclic thia­zine ring adopts a half-chair conformation with the S and N atoms displaced by 0.180 (5) and 0.497 (5) Å, respectively, on opposite sides of the mean plane formed by the remaining ring atoms. The benzene rings of the benzothia­zine unit and the meth­oxy­phenyl group are almost coplanar, with the dihedral angle between the mean planes of these rings being 5.9 (2)°, while the benzene ring of the 2-oxo-2-phenyl­ethyl group is inclined at 79.68 (11) and 81.01 (10)°, respectively, to these rings. The mol­ecular structure is consolidated by intra­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions, and the crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Maximising access to timely trauma care across population of Karachi and its districts: A geospatial approach to develop a trauma care network

Objectives: To develop and propose a cost-effective trauma care network for Karachi, Pakistan, by calculating maximum timely trauma care (TTC) coverage achieved with the addition of potential designated private and public level 1 and level 2 trauma centres (TCs). Setting: A lower middle-income country metropolis, Karachi is Pakistan\u27s largest city with a population of 16 million and a total of 56 hospitals as per government registry data. Participants: 41 potential TCs selected using a two-level, contextually-relevant TC designation criteria adapted from various international guidelines. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Maximum TTC coverage achievable with the addition of potential TCs. Proposed trauma care network composition to achieve maximum TTC coverage. Results: Coverage with five public level 1 hospitals alone is 74.4%. Marginal benefit with stepwise addition of five potential private level 1 TCs, four public level 2 TCs and two private level 2 TCs is 12.2%, 7.1% and 3.1%, respectively. Maximum possible TTC coverage is 96.7%. Poorest coverage with the proposed 16 hospital network is noted in Malir district while 100% coverage is achieved in the centrally located South, Central and East districts. Conclusion: Addition of private level 1 and private and public level 2 hospitals to the trauma care network is necessary. Implementation of the proposed trauma care network requires strong stewardship from the government and coordinated effort of multiple stakeholders is needed to ensure standard TC designation. The study exhibits an effective method to scientifically plan and develop a cost-effective trauma system which can be applied in other resource-limited geographical area

Water treatment of selected water wells of Al- Muqdadiyah town-Iraq using burned initiated bentonite as a granulated Natural ion- exchanger via columnar method.

The aim of this study was to find a general method, cheap and easy to deal with water wells. Treatment of selected water wells of  Al – Muqdadiyah town was carried out at (25­± 0.1) ºC, using natural granulated Iraqi  Na – montmorillonite clay ( initiated burned bentonite), in known flow packed columns. The Na – montmorillonite clay mineral was characterized by FT – IR spectroscopy. [Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), Total hardness (T.H.CaCo3), Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, and pH] quantification was done before and after treatment of water samples using (MI – 180 Multi – Bench meter MARTINI – Instruments). Calcium Ca+2, Magnesium Mg+2, and Sodium Na+ were measured using flame photometer [PFP7 flame photo meter from (JENWAY)], Total Hardness was measured using titration method using UniVer1 hardness reagent. The results indicated that the values of these parameters are within or lower than the international drinking  water supplies average, , and Iraq drinking water standards. Keywords: natural ion exchanger, wells water treatment, burned Na – montmorillonite clay, packed column

Bridging the diagnostic gap: liver function tests and IL-6 as potential early predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis goes beyond skin, intertwining with body systems, notably connecting to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to explore the predictive potential: liver function tests and IL-6 as early markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in psoriasis patients.  Methods: From March to November 2023, a case-control study was performed at the dermatological outpatient clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Individuals with confirmed psoriasis and those without underwent comprehensive clinical history and overall health examinations. The diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was established using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). Results: Among the 290 participants in this study, 103 with confirmed psoriasis displayed a Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score >60, indicative of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The control group, comprising 101 individuals without psoriasis or NAFLD, provided a baseline for comparison. The mean ages were 32.5 ± 16.2 and 31.5 ± 14.3 years for the case and control groups, respectively. Notably, the case group exhibited significantly higher mean ± SD levels of ALT and AST (61 ± 29 vs. 33 ± 17 U/L, p < 0.0001) and (55 ± 27 vs. 25 ± 15 U/L, p < 0.0001), respectively. Moreover, FLI criteria were markedly elevated in the case group (p = 0.0007, p = 0.0005, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively), and IL-6 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: The results proposed that liver function tests and IL-6 could act as early predictors for the detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among individuals grappling with psoriasis

Performance of Recombinant rK39 antigen in the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis

Background: Recombinant K39 antigen test is one of the recent experiences in rapid diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis ,it consist  of 39 amino acid which represent the main component of the protein of the Leishmania  parasite and that the reaction occurs between the antibodies in the serum and antigens blotted in the rK39 strip test.                                                                                       Objective: Find out possible reaction of rK39 antigen test on other diseases than visceral leishmaniasis, as well as to compare the test results on both serum and urine of same patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 65 blood and urine samples were included in the study; 25 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis attended Baquba Teaching Hospital, and 40 apparently healthy controls.  All serum and urine samples were tested with rK39 strip test. 15 serum samples were randomly selected and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Techniques for diagnosis of Leishmaniasis for the purpose of comparison of rK39 strip test. Results: There was highly significant differences when using the rK39 strip test in urine and serum in patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis  (P <0.05), and no significant difference between the sexes, as well as age group , as well as the absence of a significant difference between the rK39 strip test and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Techniques. Conclusion: rK39 strip antigen test gives positive results, may be due to greater phylogenetic proximity between Leishmania species, or due to mixed infection with Visceral Leishmaniasis

3-[4-(3,4-Dimethyl-5,5-dioxo-2H,4H-pyrazolo­[4,3-c][1,2]benzothia­zin-2-yl)phen­yl]-2-hy­droxy-1-mesitylprop-2-en-1-one hexane hemisolvate

In the title compound, C29H27N3O4S·0.5C6H14, the heterocyclic thia­zine ring adopts a half-chair conformation with the S and N atoms displaced by 0.500 (5) and 0.229 (5) Å, respectively, on opposite sides from the mean plane formed by the remaining ring atoms. The mean planes of the pyrazole ring and the benzene ring bonded to it form a dihedral angle of 35.76 (11)° and an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond ocurs. The crystal structure features O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. There is a half-mol­ecule of hexane in the asymmetric unit lying about an inversion center. It is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy factors 0.590 (9) and 0.410 (9)