The Effectiveness of Using Related Words and Unrelated Words in Teaching Vocabulary for Seventh Graders

Abstract: This present study is aimed at examining whether there is a significant difference in the vocabulary mastery of students who are taught using semantically related words and those who are taught using unrelated words. Quasi Experimental Research is used with Posttest Only Design involving 54 students from two classes. A vocabulary test is constructed as a main instrument. Data of students’ score are analyzed by using Independent T-test. Findings reveal that semantically related words method has positive effects on students’ retention. It is recommended that English teachers implement semantically related words. They should also consider the materials is beneficial for students. Key Words: semantically related words, unrelated words, teaching vocabularyAbstrak: Penelitian ini ini bertujuan untuk menguji keberadaan perbedaan signifikan dalam penguasaan kosakata siswa yang diajar menggunakan semantically related words dan siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan semantically unrelated words. Kuasi Experimental Research digunakan dengan Posttest Only Design dan melibatkan 54 siswa dari dua kelas. Sebuah tes kosakata dibangun sebagai instrumen utama. Data skor siswa dianalisis dengan menggunakan Independent T-test. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa semantically related words memiliki efek positif pada retensi siswa. Disarankan agar guru bahasa Inggris menerapkan semantically related words. Mereka juga harus mempertimbangkan materi-materi yang bermanfaat bagi siswa.Kata kunci: semantically related words, unrelated words, pengajaran kosakat

Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 16 and 52 L1 Gene from Cervical Cancer in Bandung, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Chronic infection with high-risk type of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer. Previous studies showed that multiple infections of HPV are found in cervical cancer caused by multiple HPV infections and the most common are HPV-16 and HPV-52. The origin of HPV-16 circulating in Indonesia varies. The purpose of this study was to explore the origin of multiple infections of HPV-52 and HPV-16 in cervical cancer by using a phylogenetic tree.METHODS: During July-November 2010, 100 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Only 96 patients were involved in this study. Ninety-six samples of HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were isolated from biopsied tissue of cervical cancer. Multiple infections of HPV genotypes HPV-16 and HPV-52 were confirmed by using the linear assay for HPV genotyping test. Afterward,HPV-52L1 gene was amplified by using self-designed primer. L1 gene was also sequenced and analyzed using phylogenetic program (MEGA6.06).RESULTS: The result of phylogenetic tree construction showed that isolated HPV-52 originated from multiple infections of HPV-16 and HPV-52 from cervical cancer patients in Bandung were in a subgroup with isolates originating from EU077219 Canada (America) and KT799980 southwest China (Asia). Isolate HPV-16 in one subgroup with isolates originating from KU951191.1 (Southwest China).CONCLUSION: L1 gene sequence from multiple infections isolated from HPV-16 and HPV-52 from cervical cancer patients in Bandung refers to the variation of L1 gene reported from Canada and southwest China. This proves that Indonesia’s HPV clusters are located in the strains found in America and Asia.KEYWORDS: multiple infections, HPV-16, HPV-52, L1 gene, phylogeneti

Fenomena Tempat Hiburan Movi Box XDi Komplek Pertokoan Mall SKA Kota Pekanbaru Suatu Kajian Kriminologi: Universitas Islam Riau

As one of the big cities in Indonesia, the development of entertainment places in the city of pekanbaru growing each day. Starting from family karaoke until the cinema mini or known Movie Box. But many of Movie Box is pointed out as the place is misused to visitors do immoral. Freely in determining the Movies what to wact, and a various facilities that to make visitors comfortable and safe in the room. Additionally Movie Box also provide food and drinks to order. Interesting thing, this Movie Box design the room is very closed and the room lights can be turned off. In terms of supervision, nothing is done by the owner even CCTV was not available. Additionally the weak supervision of government make a Movie Box increasingly exist and a favorite young couple in pekanbaru