Ship-bank interaction induced by irregular bank geometries

The forces and moments induced by the vicinity of banks on a sailing vessel are known as bank effects.An extensive set of model tests have been carried out in a towing tank to investigate bank effects inducedby irregular bank geometries. Tests along sloped surface-piercing as well as submerged banks are carriedout. A mathematical model (for the longitudinal force, sway force, yaw moment and sinkage) found onthese tests is formulated. This model copes with the geometry of the banks tested and not tested bankgeometries. This paper emphasises on the mathematical model and on two parameters of thismathematical model: The distance between ship and bank d2b and the equivalent blockage meq such that the properties of an irregular bank geometry are taken into account

Forces, moments and motions induced by the vicinity of banks on a sailing vessel

The asymmetric flow around a ship induced by the vicinity of banks causes pressure differences between port and starboard sides. As a result, the whole ship tends to be attracted to, and her bow pushed away from the closest bank. A reliable estimation of bank effects is of importance for determining the limiting conditions in which a ship can safely navigate a waterway.A mathematical model will be developed for bank effects based on a comprehensive model test program carried out in a Towing Tank. The emphasis is placed on hydrodynamic forces induced by sloped and semi-submerged banks, typical for the access channels to the Flemish and other international harbours. The results will be incorporated in the full mission bridge simulators at Flanders Hydraulics Research

Mathematical modelling of forces acting on ships during lightering operations

The transfer of liquid cargo (crude oil and LNG) from a larger ship (the ship to be lightered, STBL) to a smaller vessel (service ship) when both ships are moored to each other and sail at a (slow) constant forward speed is known as lightering. These ship to ship operations are expected to increase in the near future and are expected to take place in harsher environmental conditions (polar regions). In order to better understand the hydrodynamic phenomena involved in this specific manoeuvre, a knowledge-building project with user involvement entitled “Investigating Hydrodynamic Aspects and Control Strategies for Ship-to-Ship Operations” was carried out in 2007–2011. As a part of this project, more than two thousand captive model tests were carried out at the towing tank for manoeuvres in shallow water (co-operation Flanders Hydraulics Research — Ghent University) in Antwerp, Belgium. A model of a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC) was attached to the main frame of the towing carriage and a model of an Aframax tanker was attached to the computer controlled planar motion carriage. Forces, moments and vertical positions were measured on both models.This paper covers the analysis of the extensive model test data reported by Lataire et al. (2009a) and the influence of different parameters on the manoeuvre. Particular attention is paid to the forces and moments induced on the service ship by the proximity of the ship to be lightered. A mathematical model of lightering manoeuvres for both the service ship and the ship to be lightered is derived. This model can be implemented in a ship manoeuvring simulator for training purposes

Squat prediction in muddy navigation areas

Common squat prediction formulae to assess the navigation safety usually do not take into account the bottom condition. Nevertheless, the presence of a fluid mud layer is not an uncommon condition in confined areas where accurate squat predictions are necessary. From 2001 to 2004 an extensive experimental research program was carried out to measure the manoeuvring behaviour of deep drafted vessels in muddy areas. A part of the program focused on the undulations of the water–mud interface and their relationship to the ship’s squat. Mostly the sinkage of the ship is damped due to the presence of the mud layer, but a larger trim can occur due to the water–mud interface undulations. This article presents a mathematical model to predict the squat in muddy navigation areas

Oxygenation and neuromuscular responses during simulated upwind sailing exercise on a laser ergometer

Unifying sport scienceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe