Mineral Accretion During Prenatal Growth of Cattle

Published data on prenatal (fetal) growth in cattle have been limited primarily to birth weights or weights and linear measurements of fetuses at different stages of gestation. Others have provided data describing fetal growth in terms of weight, nitrogen, and energy. These and other data have provided insight into the rates of protein and energy accumulation by the fetus during development and serve as bases for the estimation of protein and energy requirements for fetal development. Objectives of the present study were to describe the patterns of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) accretion in bovine fetuses. and to estimate requirements of these minerals for pregnancy in cattle

Increasing Pregnancy Rate in Beef Cattle by Clitoral Massage During Artificial Insemination

Clitoral massage (stimulation) at the time of artificial insemination (AI) has been reported to increase pregnancy rate in lactating beef cows, but not to increase pregnancy rate in heifers. These reports have been limited to studies conducted at one location in the U.S. (Miles City, Montana), and the efficacy of clitoral massage on AI pregnancy rates of beef cattle at other geographic locations has not been reported. To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature indicating a negative effect of clitoral stimulation on pregnancy rate of cows. The following experiment was conducted to test the effects of clitoral massage on pregnancy rate to artificial insemination in beef cattle and to define the effects of age, postpartum interval, and technician on pregnancy responses to clitoral massage performed at the time of artificial inseminatio

Mineral Accretion During Prenatal Growth of Cattle

Published data on prenatal (fetal) growth in cattle have been limited primarily to birth weights or weights and linear measurements of fetuses at different stages of gestation. Others have provided data describing fetal growth in terms of weight, nitrogen, and energy. These and other data have provided insight into the rates of protein and energy accumulation by the fetus during development and serve as bases for the estimation of protein and energy requirements for fetal development. Objectives of the present study were to describe the patterns of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) accretion in bovine fetuses. and to estimate requirements of these minerals for pregnancy in cattle